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Korea, USSR Conflicts With US
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President Truman receives NSC-68
President Truman requested a review and re-evaluation of Americas Cold War diplomacy strategy. The report stated that following WWII the US and USSR were the only two great world powers. It said that the USSR basically planned to take over the world with communism. It stated that the US should start creating nuclear weapons to prepare for conflict with the USSR.
Truman, the CIA,and the USSR were involved. This resulted in the US increasing military budget. -
Invasion of North Korea
Korea. UN/US/South Korean forces invade North Korea in October, with UN plans to unify the country in a Rollback strategy to end Communism in Korea. adopted a U.S.‐sponsored resolution branding the North Korean attack a breach of the peace and calling on the North Korean government to cease hostilities and withdraw. Caused US to arm the nation on a constant basis. -
Korea. Chinese armies invades
Korea. Chinese armies invade, pushing US/UN forces below 38th parallel.General MacArthur had been steadily pushing Washington to remove the restrictions on his forces. Not only did Truman decline for fear of widening the war, but he fired MacArthur. Whether or not his proposals would have ended the war, they probably would have avoided the stalemate, which lasted for another two years. Not until nearly two million more had died did the Korean War end and an armistice was signed on July 27, 1953 -
Guatemala-PBSUCCESS
Eisenhower authorized the CIA to carry out Operation PBSUCCESS in August 1953. The CIA armed, funded, and trained a force of 480 men led by Carlos Castillo Armas. The coup was preceded by U.S. efforts to isolate Guatemala internationally to control communism. Castillo Armas' force invaded Guatemala on June 18, 1954. -
Baghdad Pact
The Baghdad Pact was a defensive organization for promoting shared political, military and economic goals founded in 1955 by Turkey, Iraq, Great Britain, Pakistan, and Iran. The main purpose of the Baghdad Pact was to prevent communist incursions and maintain peace in the Middle East. The United States signed individual agreements with each of the nations in the Pact, but did not formally join. Instead, the United States participated as an observer and took part in committee meetings. -
Bay of Pigs Invasion
1400 CIA-trained Cuban exiles invaded Cuba and were defeated at the Bay of Pigs landing zone; captured, and ransomed by Kennedy. The invaders were badly outnumbered by Castro’s troops, and they surrendered after less than 24 hours of fighting. -
US bans Cuba from OAS
Cuba was one of the 21 founders of OAS. (Organization of American States). The organization was made to ensure peace, justice and independence but the US did not want any part of Fidel Castro or communism in the country so the US banned them from the OAS in January of 1962. -
U.S. suspends sugar quota in Cuba
Sugar was 80% of Cuban exports to US. Soviet Union agreed to buy Cuban sugar and provide oil. Cuba seizes $1.5 billion of American properties; U.S. imposes complete trade embargo (except food, medicine). US stops imports from Cuba because of their ties to the Soviet Union. -
Cuban exiles go to Miami, FL.
When Fidel Castro came into power, Cubans who supported the former ruler were forced out of Cuba. Castro took their property and forced them out. Applying the entrepreneurial skills brought from their Cuba, and taking advantage of the growing Cuban population in Miami, little by little they created the Miami success for which Cuban-Americans have become known. -
Partial Test Ban Treaty
U.S. and the Soviet Union agreed not to conduct nuclear tests in space, in the atmosphere or underwater. Underground tests were permitted. The treaty was signed by 100 nations, excluding France and the China. They wanted to put an end to the contamination of the environment by radioactive substances. A dozen resolutions of the General Assembly talked about the issue and urged for a conclusion of an agreement to ban tests under a system of international controls. -
Gulf of Tonkin
The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution gave congressional approval for expansion of the Vietnam War. During the spring of 1964, military planners had developed a design for major attacks on the North, but at that time President Lyndon B. Johnson and his advisers feared that the public would not support an expansion of the war. By summer, however, rebel forces had established control over half of South Vietnam. He accused the N-Viet of open aggression on the high seas. US took any measure for defense. -
Tet Offensive
On January 31, 1968, almost 70,000 North Vietnamese and Viet Cong forces launched the Tet Offensive, a coordinated series of fierce attacks on more than 100 cities and towns in South Vietnam. American and South- Vietnamese troops tried to hold back the attacks; they weren't successful. This started the US's withdrawal from the Vietnam region. -
Space Race
On May 25, 1961, President John F. Kennedy announced before a special joint session of Congress the goal of sending an American to the moon before the end of the decade. He felt pressure to have the US "catch up to and overtake" the Soviet Union in the space race. Four years after the launch of Sputnik in 1957, Yuri Gagarin had become the first human in space on April 12, 1961, greatly embarrassing the U.S. Kennedy wanted to surpass the Soviet Union so we sent Niel Armstrong to the moon. -
Détente Policy
This policy was an agreement with the Soviet Union On May 22 Nixon became the first U.S. president to visit Moscow. He and Leonid I. Brezhnev signed seven agreements covering the prevention of accidental military clashes, arms control, as recommended by the recent Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (salt), cooperative research in a variety of areas, including space exploration. This was a declaration of peace with each other. -
SALT treaty
The salt treaty was a 3 year agreement on the sale of grain to the Soviets. In June 1973, Brezhnev visited the United States for Summit II; this meeting added few new agreements but was not about the countries’ continuing commitment to peace. Summit III, in June 1974, was the least productive. By then, the salt talks had came to a halt, several commercial agreements had been blocked in Congress because of Soviet treatment of Jews, and the Watergate investigation was approaching a climax.
