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Nazi Party
Preceded by German Workers’ PartyNazi – NationalsozialistNationalist, racist, populist, anti-communism
"Exterminate or impose exclusionary segregation upon “degenerate” and “asocial” groups: Jews, homosexuals, gypsies, blacks, physically/mentally handicapped, Jehovah’s witnesses, dissenters” 1920-1945 -
Washington Conference of 1921
Conference encouraging naval disarmament in an attempt to reduce growing tensions in East Asia 1921-1922 -
Harding Wins Presidency
Warren G. Harding became the 29th President of the United States in 1921. One of his primary campaign promises was a 'return to normalcy.' In the aftereffects of WWI, American citizens greatly desired a return to what they considered regular life. Ironically, the 1920s were a period of great turmoil in society as women took more active roles, opinions on race continued to change, and innovation reshaped consumerism. -
Emergency Immigration Act
The Emergency Immigration Act was used as a temporary buffer for lawmakers to create the National Origins Act in 1924. These acts established an immigration quota based on the immigrants' country of origin. The act only allowed 2% of the number of immigrants from the same country living in America in 1890. By pushing back the date for the percentage, newer immigrants from Eastern Europe were excluded. The acts also completely excluded Asian immigrants. -
Benito Mussolini's Fascist Party
Creation of fascism
Mussolini: Socialist, then thought socialism was dead
Opposed class discrimination/class war
Radical authoritarian nationalism urged violent response (was a soldier) against primarily Slavic and blacks.
Simultaneously revolutionary and traditionalist.1922-1943 -
Dawes Plan
Following World War I, the Triple Entente created the Dawes Plan to draw reparations from Germany. -
Scopes Trial
John T. Scopes was a biology teacher in Tennessee. He was placed on trial for violating the Butler Act, which prohibited the teaching of anti-Biblical theories (such as Darwin's evolution theory) to students. The case soon became a national spectacle, as individual liberties were pitted against fundamentalist Biblical values. The case was later thrown out on a technicality, but the conflict between these two spheres continued. -
The Flight of Charles Lindbergh
Lindbergh was the first solo man to complete a flying journey across the Atlantic Ocean without stopping. He flew from New York to Paris without any breaks; a journey which took 33 hours. The journey restores some faith in the ability of technology to be beneficial to mankind, as this belief had been shaken by WWI. Lindbergh was hailed by most as an American hero. -
Kellogg-Briand Pact
International agreement to not use war to resolve conflicts, sponsored by France and the United States -
Neutrality Acts
'35: established a mandatory arms embargo against both sides of any military conflict
'37: introduced the Cash-and-Carry policy on non-military goods
'39: Congress, once again, revises the Neutrality Acts and lifts the arms embargo, allowing any warring nation to purchase military goods on the Cash-and-Carry basis
1935-1939 -
Black Tuesday
On a date known as Black Tuesday, the stock market began a long, traumatic fall. The week before, the market had undergone a similar crash before temporarily stabilizing. However, citizens were still afraid and began withdrawing all of their funds. The stock market crash led to credit vanishing, which in turn led to a run on the banks. Ultimately, Black Tuesday can be seen as the beginning step toward the Great Depression. -
Manchuria Invaded
Japan invades Manchuria and establishes a puppet state, Manchukuo, that lasts until the end of World War II. -
Manchuria Railroad Explosion
The Japanese-owned South Manchuria Railway was located near the city Shenyang in China. In 1931, part of the railroad exploded in what the Japanese claimed was an attack by anti-Japanese dissidents. It was later determined that the explosion was actually planned by the Japanese. The Japanese used the explosion as an excuse to invade China and take control of the Manchuria province. This incident began the Asian section of World War II. -
Roosevelt Promises a New Deal
In his acceptance speech for the Democratic Presidential nomination, Franklin Delano Roosevelt promised a 'new deal' for the American public. Despite originally being a figure of speech, New Deal became the overarching name for the many programs which Roosevelt would enact to help end the Great Depression. This campaign promise helped Roosevelt win the election against Hoover in a landslide. -
Good Neighbor Policy
Non-intervention, non-interference in domestic policy
Reciprocal policy, trade agreements
First called “good neighbor” in FDR inaugural address, March 4, 1933, ended with a threat of the Cold War in 1945. 1933-1945 -
Nye Committee Investigation
Investigated financial interests in WWI, supported neutrality in WWII. Led by Gerald Nye. 1934-1936 -
Invasion of Ethiopia
Italy, under Mussolini, invaded Ethiopia, which prompted the US to pass the Neutrality Act in 1935. 1935-1936 -
Invasion of Rhineland
Violating the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, German forces invaded Rhineland. -
Cash-and-Carry
Addition to Neutrality Act: Warring nations can only purchase non-military goods from the US, and can only do so by paying cash and shipping their purchases to themselves. -
Quarantine Speech
In October of 1937, Roosevelt warned of the dangers of Japanese actions and argued that aggressors should be "quarantined" by the international community to prevent the contagion of war from spreading. -
Panay sinking
Japanese aviators bombed and sank the US gunboat, Panay. Japan claimed it was an accident, but the US chose to overlook the attack to maintain US-Japan relations. -
"Blitzkrieg"
German term coined for the Polish invasion lasts throughout the war. A series of fast and powerful attacks followed by a swift retreat to brake lines -
Munich Agreement
After Germany's invasion of Czechoslovakia, the French and the British agreed to accept Germany's demands in return for Hitler's promise to expand no further. -
Non-Aggression Pact
Stalin signed a non-aggression pact with Hitler, freeing the German, for the moment, from the danger of a two-front war. -
Tripartite Act
Establishes Axis Powers. Japan recognizes Italy and Germany establishment of new world order in Europe, they recognize Japan’s establishment of new world order in Eastern Asia, assist each other, share technological advancements, agree it does not affect the relationship with USSR, lasts 10 years -
Lend-lease
Started in March of 1941, supplied USSR, Great Britain, Free France, the Republic of China with weapons and supplies -
Atlantic Charter
sets up post war goals for allies including no territory changes forced on populations, return of self government, reduced trade restrictions -
Pearl Harbor
Japanese air raid on US naval base, leads to calls for war