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In the election of 1800, Jefferson and Burr were tied, Burr refused to withdraw in favor of Jefferson, so a vote in the House of Representatives was required. The majority of House members chose Jefferson over Burr.
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President Jefferson saw Napoleon as a threat to the U.S. if he got the Mississippi River Valley. In 1801 Robert R. Livingston was sent to Paris as an ambassador, his job was to get the port city of New Orleans, Jefferson knew if they couldn't get it they would have to ask the British for protection. In 1803 James Monroe was sent to help Livingston. When Monroe arrived Napoleon offered to sell all of the territory for $15 million, because his army in the Caribbean had been defeated by disease.
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The ruling was that Marbury deserved his judgeship, but Marshall denied that the court had jurisdiction. It was the 1st Supreme Court decision to declare a federal law. The Judiciary Act of 1789, gave the Court the right of judicial review, meaning it determined whether acts of congresswere constitutional.
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War fought in North America and at sea between Britain and the U.S., it began because of American shipping rights and British-inspired Indian attacks on American settlements. Canadians and Natives fought on each side.
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James McCulloch a B.U.S. clerk, refused to pay state taxes as required by Maryland law. The Supreme Court ruling prohibited the states from taxing the Bank of the U.S. It was the 2nd major supreme court case of 1819.
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The Tariff of Abominations was a tax put on imported goods. The tax included British cloth and clothing, that strengthened New England textile but hurt southern consumers. Southerners experienced a decrease in British demand for the raw cotton that they were growing.
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Financial panic in the U.S. that was brought on by a slowdown in the British economy, declining cotton prices, failing crops, inflation, and state banks being reckless. The British's economy affected the U.S. because that was their leading trading partner. the British companies were forced to reduce their trade with America, because of problems withe the Bank of England.
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Irish farmers mostly grew potatoes, so when the potato crop was destroyed by a fungus it triggered the potato famine. The average Irishman ate 5 lbs a day before the famine. More than a million died, and almost 2 million left Ireland. Most of the Irish immigrants went to Canada and the U.S.
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The rainbow was the 1st clipper ship. The clipper ships were twice as fast as older merchant ships. The clipper ships only lasted around 20 years.
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The Know-Nothings were an American party. They were a Nativist anti- Catholic third Party. They vowed to never vote for any foreign-born or Catholic candidates. The party was formed in reaction to large-scale German and Irish immigration.