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First Education Laws (1642)
Sending children to school became compulsory by law. Soon other colonies followed suit. -
Bill for the more General Diffusion of Knowledge
In order to educate a more wide financial class of children taxes were diverted to fund public schools for white male and female students for three years. The bill was written by Thomas Jefferson. -
Benjamin Rush
(1745-1813)- Wanted to create free schools in Pennsylvania and eventually throughout the nation. He founded a school for women and supported the education of African Americans. -
Horace Mann
Widely known as the “Father of American Education” after his election Mann organized schools in Massachusetts into a state system. He also was a spokesman for the common school. -
Roberts vs. City of Boston
The first legal case concerning integration, Sarah Roberts’ father tried to enroll her in a public white school. The city of Boston won and is later cited as the schools being ‘separate but equal’. -
The Bible Riots
Bishop Hughes and the Bible RiotsPublic schools taught out of the Bible and taught doctrine that was Protestant based in their school system. Many Catholics declared that if it was their tax money funding the school there should be Catholic schools for their children to go to. The argument against was that if there was also a Catholic school there would have to be a Jewish school and so on and so forth. Riots broke out. A precursor for the separation of church and state.
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Population Growth and Immigration in the 19th Century
In the early 19th Century millions of immigrants flocked to the U.S.A. With them came their children, all whose parents were eager to enroll them in school. This resulted in more school and more teachers. -
The Progressive Reform Movement
child labor laws Included in the movment was new labor lawst that effected education. With this legislation child labor was limited, children had more opportunity to go to school and gain a higher education. When they got older they would have a chance to work in places other than factories and adults would be given their jobs.
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Brown vs. Board of Education
Brown vs Board of Education Re-enactment Reverend Brown was asked to attempt to register his daughter in a white school closer to home then her current school. When she was denied he sued. This resulted in the Supreme Court ruling that separate could not be equal and required all white schools to integrate.
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Elementary and Secondary Education Act
The ActAn act in line with the War on Poverty this act focused on investing in the countries future through educating the young. Provided funds to low income families and funds towards school materials. Parricular funds went to families of rural, homeless, Native American and English-as-a-second-language families.
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A Nation at Risk Report
Archived Information: A Nation at RistRonald Reagan gave a report, stating that the education of our students was falling behind and that the schools were to blame. He declared that the state of education was an attack against us. What followed was a new wave of educational reform.
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The Standards Movement
In response to a Nation at Risk standardized testing was enforced in schools. This gave the state and federal government a way to measure the students performance and the worth of the school in comparison to other schools. -
School Choice Movement
Also in response to the Nation at Risk report school boundries were changed. Instead of being assigned which school to go to large schools were broken up and children given a choice of which school they’d prefer. This encouraged a market competition between schools. -
Individuals with Disabilities in Education Act
This Act made it illegal for any educational institution to deny a person access or service based on a disability. This applied to both education and employment. -
No Child Left Behind
Enacted by President Bush, this act required all schools to have a standard for children to reach in math and reading and for children to be tested annually to measure their progress in meeting this standards. These standard tests have become controversial in more recent years with schools and parents worrying that these tests are unfairly limiting their children.
