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Johannes Kepler used Olber's Paradox to argue that the universe is finite.
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In "Eureka: A Prose Poem" Poe presents the idea that the universe began as a single particle which expanded outward,spreading evenly throughout the universe, eventually clumping together creating. The next step to his idea is that the universe is then drawn togetherby gravity and the process repeats.
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Slipher determined that all galaxies are receeding from the Earth. His measurement of a Doppler shift (change in frequency of a wave) proved this.
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His theory states that you must look at another object to tell if you are moving. In other words, movement is relative to objects around it. The theory also says that it is not possible to differentiate between the forces of inertia and gravity when an object is moving.
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Alexander Friedmann developed the expanding-universe solution which described the universe as a universe with continuous negative curvature.
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Edwin Hubble discovered that galaxies move away from each other at a rate which the velocity is proportional to the distance. HIs theory called Hubbles Law was developed from Albert Einstein's General Theory of Relativity.
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Lemaitre proposes that the universe began with a single explosion in his hypothesis of the primeval atom.
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Fred Hoyle reffered to Georges Lemataire 's theory as "this big bang idea" mocking it on a radio show.
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His calculations revealed that residual radiation could be detected in the atmosphere. He concluded that it would have cooled to approximately 5 kelvins.
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Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson discovered Cosmic Background Radiation. This discovering revealed that when th euniverse was 300,000 years old, atoms could now form and move freely.
