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Ptolemy introduces latitude and longitude to the world map; he was the first to place a grid system on a map and use the same grid system for the entire planet.
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Erestothenes determines the surface of the earth
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Discovers arctic ocean
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the Portuguese navigator. Magellan was the first European explorer to cross the Pacific Ocean and the first to sail around the world.
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Sent explorers to find new lands, people, and wealth
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He contributed to oceanography in the mid- to late 1700s by making and compiling good observations of ocean currents off the US East Coast.
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James Cook contributed to oceanography by helping find many known islands, such as Hawaii,the Cook Islands,and many more.
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Echo sounders were first used for oceanographic studies during the epic German expedition exploring the South Atlantic in the mid-1920s aboard the Meteor.
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Darwin publishes The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs, in which he suggests that coral atolls are the final stage in the subsidence and erosion of volcanic islands
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Wrote the first textbook on Modern Oceanography
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They conducted 492 deep sea soundings, 133 bottom dredges, 151 open water trawls, 263 serial water temperature observations, and discovered about 4,700 new species of marine life.
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Sir William Thomson invents an operational wireline sounding machine. Modifications of this machine ultimately replace hemp-rope sounding methods. The wireline machines are faster to operate and significantly more accurate.
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Accurate, high-density soundings taken by the Coast Survey Steamer Blake in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea lead to the first modern bathymetric map.
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Cousteau traveled to Canada to make two films on the Saint Lawrence River and the Great Lakes
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A bathysphere is a spherical deep-sea submersible which is unpowered and is lowered into the ocean on a cable.
