1.1 History of environmental movement

  • ICUN Founded

    The founding of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in 1948 is
    significant because it brought together governments and organizations to work on protecting
    nature. This group has helped create important guidelines and agreements for conserving
    biodiversity and managing natural resources. The IUCN's work raised environmental awareness
    and inspired many people to act for the planet.
  • First death from mercury pollution (Minimata, Japan)

    The first death from mercury pollution in Minamata, Japan, in 1956 is significant because it
    highlighted the dangers of industrial waste and its impact on human health. This tragedy raised
    awareness about the need for stronger environmental regulations and the importance of
    protecting communities from toxic substances. The Minamata incident led to global efforts to
    address pollution and promote safer practices in industries that could harm both people and the
    environment.
  • WWF Founded

    The World Wildlife Fund (WWF) was founded in 1961, and it is significant because it became
    one of the leading organizations dedicated to wildlife conservation and environmental protection.
    The WWF works to raise awareness about endangered species and habitats, helping to mobilize
    support for conservation efforts worldwide. Through its campaigns and partnerships, the WWF
    has played a crucial role in promoting sustainable practices and inspiring people to act for the
    planet's future.
  • Rachel Carson's "Silent Spring" published

    Rachel Carson's book "Silent Spring" was published in 1962, and it is significant because it
    brought attention to the harmful effects of pesticides on the environment and wildlife. This
    groundbreaking work raised public awareness about the need for responsible chemical use and
    sparked a movement for environmental protection. Carson's writing played a key role in
    changing policies and encouraging the development of laws aimed at safeguarding the natural
    world.
  • UN Biosphere Conference

    The UN Biosphere Conference, held in 1968, is significant because it focused on the importance
    of preserving ecosystems and biodiversity for future generations. This conference brought
    together scientists, policymakers, and environmentalists to discuss sustainable development and
    conservation strategies. It helped to establish the idea that humans and nature must coexist in a
    balanced way, influencing global environmental policies and actions.
  • First Earth Day in the USA

    The first Earth Day in the USA was celebrated on April 22, 1970, and it marked a major turning
    point in the modern environmental movement. This event brought together millions of people,
    raising awareness about environmental issues like pollution and deforestation. It led to the
    creation of important environmental laws and organizations, making it a significant day for
    encouraging global action toward a healthier planet.
  • Gaia Hypothesis

    The Gaia Hypothesis suggests that the Earth and its living things work together as a single
    system. This idea is significant because it helps people understand how human actions impact the
    environment. It encourages us to care for the planet, seeing it as a living being that needs
    protection for future generations.
  • CITES started

    The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)
    started in 1974 to protect endangered species from over-exploitation. This agreement is
    important because it regulates trade in wildlife, ensuring that animal and plant species do not
    become extinct due to human activities. It raises global awareness about conservation and the
    need to protect biodiversity.
  • Antarctic Ozone Hole discovered

    The Antarctic Ozone Hole was discovered in 1985, revealing a significant thinning of the ozone
    layer over Antarctica. This finding is crucial because it highlighted the harmful effects of certain
    chemicals, like chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), on the atmosphere. It led to international action,
    such as the Montreal Protocol, to reduce these substances, showing how science can drive
    environmental policy and protect the planet.
  • Chernobyl disaster

    The Chernobyl disaster occurred in 1986 and was a catastrophic nuclear accident in Ukraine.
    This event is significant because it raised global awareness about the dangers of nuclear energy
    and the need for strict safety regulations. It also highlighted the long-term environmental and
    health impacts of nuclear radiation, leading to greater advocacy for renewable energy sources
    and improved disaster preparedness.
  • The Earth Summit in Rio de Janiero

    The Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro took place in 1992 and was a major international conference
    on sustainable development. This event is significant because it brought together world leaders to
    discuss environmental issues, resulting in important agreements like the Agenda 21 and the
    Convention on Biological Diversity. It raised global awareness about the need for environmental
    protection and sustainable practices, influencing policies and movements around the world.
  • Kyoto Protocol

    The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in 1997 and is an international treaty aimed at reducing
    greenhouse gas emissions. This agreement is significant because it marked a global commitment
    to combat climate change by setting legally binding targets for developed countries. It
    encouraged nations to take responsibility for their emissions and promoted the idea of
    sustainable development, influencing future climate agreements and actions worldwide.
  • "An Inconvenient Truth" documentary released

    "An Inconvenient Truth" is a documentary film released in 2006. It features former U.S. Vice
    President Al Gore and focuses on the issue of climate change. The film presents scientific
    evidence of global warming and its potential impact on the planet, aiming to raise public
    awareness about the urgent need for action against climate change. It played a significant role in
    bringing environmental issues to the forefront of public consciousness and discussions around
    sustainability.