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The Luftwaffe attacked military bases and were met by the persistent British air force.
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Hitler planned to attack Moscow, but the harsh winter and Soviet resistance ended the attack.
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Japan launched a surprise attack on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Habor in Hawaii. By the end of the attack, there were 3,500 American casualties, 350 damaged aircraft, and 18 damaged ships.
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The Soviet Union counterattacked Germany by stopping them and cutting off their supplies. The German Sixth Army surrendered.
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Germans captured all of the Crimea early in the year.
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In 1942, British and American troops invaded French North Africa, which led to the surrender of Germans and Italians there the following year.
