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Gunpowder Plot
It was the plot to blow up the Parliament when the king was inside. Guy Fawkes and Robert Catesby were trying to get rid of the king. They sneaked 36 barrels of gunpowder underneath the House of Parliament into the cellars. Guy Fawkes was in charge of guarding the gunpowder but he was caught. He was taken to the Tower of London, where he is kept in prison and they arrested the others involved. -
Charles I was beheaded
Charles was king after his father, King James I, died. He married a Catholic French princess and he was openly Catholic, which the Protestants didn’t like. He decided to rule without Parliament, which were mainly Protestant. The conflict between king and Parliament for control over England led to the outbreak of the first English civil war. The Protestant won and beheaded Charles I. -
Oliver Cromwell death
Cromwell was the ruler during the Commonwealth time period. He led parliamentary forces in the English Civil War. He was very strict and took away Christmas, so many people didn’t like him. When he died most citizens were not unhappy about it. His rule was increasingly authoritarian and he became extremely unpopular. -
Thomas Hobbes death
He wanted an absolute monarchy and he thought humans were born naturally evil. He believed a powerful government was necessary to control people. He died of a disorder and then a paralytic stroke. His last words were "A great leap in the dark", which were his final conscious moments. -
John Locke death
He believed all people were good, he believed everything we know comes from the experience of the senses. He believes everyone has the right to life, liberty, and property. Before he died he had really bad health. He died in Essex, where he'd lived before he died. -
Olaudah Equiano Birth
He was born in modern day Nigeria and he was kidnapped by another tribe when he was 11. The slave ship crossed the Atlantic Ocean And arrived in Barbados but he didn't understand English and he couldn't read or write. He was sold to a British Navy officer and he learned to read and write and speak English. He then earned enough money to free himself and he wrote his auto-biography and he got it published in England. -
Adam Smith published his book
Adam Smith was the father of capitalism and he wrote the "Wealth of Nations". His book gave the Founding Fathers ideas for the government. He wrote the book to give to merchants to spread his ideas. -
Storming of Bastille
It was a prison, but it wasn't being used as a prison, instead they stored gunpowder there. The people over powder the government and they took the gunpowder. They were so out of control that they even destroyed the Bastille. -
Womens Bread March
The women were mad because the price of bread was raised really high. They people turned their anger towards the king because he was easy to blame. They busted into Versailles and they forced the king to come back to Paris, the king never saw the palace again. -
The Brunswick Manifesto
The Duke of Brunswick said that if the royal family was harmed then Paris will be leveled. French had to fight within their own country and other countries that wanted it to end. But France was already fighting Austria, Prussia, Britain, Spain, and Piedmont. -
Law of Suspects
This law was so widely drawn that almost anyone not expressing enthusiastic support for the republic could be arrested. The law was too broad that no one was safe and you could be executed. They felt that if you weren't useful, they would kill you even though it's not fair. -
Eli Whitny Invented the Cotton GIn
Eli Whitney is mainly known for is cotton gin and the cotton gin separated the seeds from the cotton more quickly and efficiently than a human can. But the cotton gin made slavery more valuable because they could get through a lot more cotton quickly. He also made interchangeable parts for products so that people can fix their products easier, instead of buying a whole new one. -
End of the Reign of Terror
The Reign of Terror was when people were being executed and everyone was living in fear. People were being killed by the guillotine everyday and there was so much blood shed. Maximillion Robespierre lead the Committee of Public Safety during the reign of terror and his beheading was the end to the reign of terror. -
Napoleon Overthrows the Government
Napoleon launches a coupd'etat which means he is taking control of the government. He proclaimed himself first consul, than he made himself consul for life, than emperor. He got rid of the government body and he was really popular with the citizens and everyone listened to him. -
Napoleon Sells Louisiana Territoy
Napoleon sells the Louisiana Territory to America for 15 million dollars. He sells it to them because he needed money for the wars he was fighting in France. He also wanted to help America expand because he hated British and America would become rivals to them. -
Luddites First Destroyed Machinery
The Luddites started to destroy machines in Nottingham and the ideas spread to Yorkshire and Lancashire. They destroyed the machine because they opposed all the new technology and thought it did harm to the workers. They would destroy factory looms and machines but they didn't stop doing it even though people were getting mad. They get their name from Ned Ludd, a mythical figure supposed to live in Sherwood forests. -
The Rosetta Stone Breakthrough
The Rosetta stone was discovered during Napoleon's Campaign. The first to achieve a breakthrough in translation was Jean Francois Champolean. His depiction is our modern understanding of Egyptian hieroglyphics. -
Louis Pasteur Birth
Louis Pasteur discovered diseases and his influence was huge. He discovered the Germ Theory and he created vaccines for chicken cholera, anthrax, and rabies. He had a stroke in 1868 and it left half his body paralyzed but that didn't stop him. -
Micheal Sadler Introduced a Bill to Parliment about Child Labor
He introduced a Bill to Parliament because he felt that child labor wasn't fair and they needed laws to protect them. Parliament didn't understand the law but Sadler got more information, so they started to understand better. He told Parliament about how many children have deformities because of all the hard work and that women made a lot less than men, which wasn't fair. -
Abolition of Slavery Act Passed
William Wilberforce presented the Abolition Bill to Parliament and it kept being defeated. He tried many years that he devoted his life to end slavery. Many people tried to help him that they boycotted sugar made by slaves and their slogan was "Am I not a man and a brother?" because they wanted Parliament to see that they were mad. He eventually got it abolish and he passed away three days later because he was so happy. -
Samuel Slater the Traitor Death
Samuel Slater learned of the American interest in developing similar machines. So he memorized as much as he could about the machines and he went to New York in 1789 because he wanted to spread the factory information to them. He gave America these ideas, so he was called "Slater the Traitor" in England but the Americans called him "The Father of the American Factory System." -
Queen Victorias Started Ruling Britain
The time period when she ruled was called the Victorian Era after her. She took the crown when she was eighteen and she was the most powerful women in Great Britain at the time. Even though she was an icon of motherhood, she was very contradictory. -
Dr. David Livingstone Travels to Africa
Dr. David Livingston was the first white man to do humanitarian and religious work in Africa. He just wanted to explore Africa but his goal was to end the Eastern African Slave Trade. He wanted to find the Nile river and solve the age-old mystery on where it was. He ended up finding Victoria Falls but since he was gone for so long and no one heard from him, people were starting to wonder where he was. -
Start of June Days
It was when worker groups in Paris rose up in insurrection and they said the government had betrayer the revolution. They set up barricades in the streets to try to stop the soldiers. So a new liberal-conservative coalition formed to stop people from starting revolutions. -
Louis Napoleon Bonaparte defeated Caraignac
They created a new constitution and it said they couldn’t because a king anymore. So they elected a president that the people wanted. So Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, who is Napoleons nephew, deafened Caraignac. He declared a hereditary French Empire and took the title of Napoleon the third. -
Crystal Palace Opening
It was a glass building full of exhibitions of the new industrial utopia. It was a way for people to see all the positives coming out of the industrial revolution. But sadly, it burned down in 1936. -
Sepoy Mutiny
The Sepoy Mutiny was also called the War of Independence of 1857. The East India Company used Indian soldiers called sepoy. For their riffles, the soldiers had to bit off the tip off the cartridges, which were dipped in animal fat. Eating animal fat was against their beliefs so they wouldn't load their rifles but the British were mad and imprisoned them. When they were freed they attacked the British officers and marched on Delhi, wanting Mugal emperor back to the throne. -
Emmeline Pankhust Birth
Emmeline Pankhurst wanted rights for women to vote. Her husband and children were involved in the suffrage movement and they became militants. She and her daughter founded the Women's Social and Political Union, which allowed women equal pay for work, equal marriage and divorce laws, and national maternity benefits. -
Sir Henry Stanley Finds Dr. David Livingstone
Sir Henry Stanley was a Welsh journalist and explorer. He found Dr. Livingstone, who was out of contact for six years. When he found him he said, "Dr. Livingston, I presume?" His newspaper reports created European Interest in Africa. -
Berlin Conference
The Berlin Conference was held because European nations were competing aggressively for territory in Africa. The discussed regulating European regulating European colonization and trade in Africa. No African leaders were invited and no attention was paid to the ethnic boundaries in Africa. Their main concern was size and water access but they did agree to stop slavery in Africa. -
Wright Brother First Flight
Orville and Wilbur flew a gasoline flying machine for 59 seconds at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. This eventually gave rise to the aircraft industry. They named their aircraft the Wright Flyer because they are the Wright brothers. -
Bloody Sunday
In St. Petersburg, Father Gapon lead a group of peasant. He wrote an appeal to Czar Nicholas asking for better conditions for the workers, which led to Bloody Sunday. Unarmed, peaceful people marched to present the petition but they were gunned down by the Imperial Guard while approaching the city. The number of deaths is somewhere around 1000 people. -
Treaty of Portsmouth
The Treaty of Portsmouth ended the Russo-Japanese War. It was mediated in Portsmouth by US president Theodore Roosevelt. Japan gained major land and they destroyed a lot of Russian fleets. So Japan was recognized as a world power. Russians were so humiliated by their loss and Japan's victory stimulated Asian nationalism.m -
First Ford Model T
Henry Ford wanted to build a car that everyone could afford. The Model T was slow, ugly, and difficult to drive. The price of the car in 1909 was 1,200 dollars and in 1928 the price was only 295 dollars. BY 1929 Ford was producing oner car per minute and the car was in high demand because the price for the Model T was so affordable. -
Franz Ferdinand's Assassination
Most people didn't like him because he was a threat, especially to the Serbians. Gavrilo Princip assassinated him in Sarajevo but since Gavrilo was Serbian, Austria-Hungary blamed Serbia. This soon dragged everyone into this and it started World War 1. -
Sinking of Lusitania
The sinking of the Lusitania was when the Germans sank a passenger ship and some Americans died. But Germans claimed it was transporting was munitions. This made the Americans angry and they wanted to help the British. -
Edith Cavell's Death
She was a British nurse and she didn't care what if you were a German or British. She would help anyone that needed her help. He helped 200 allied soldiers escape from Germans, which lead to her being accused of treason and she was shot by a German firing squad. -
Rasputin's Death
Rasputin was a very mysterious man and he was believed to have powers. The Czar called him in to help their son Alexei stop bleeding and Rasputin did. People were so confused at how he got so close to the royal family and people wanted him dead. A couple of guys tried to poison him then they shot him then they beat him up and finally they tie him up in ropes and threw him into the freezing river. -
Mata Hari's death
Mata Hari's real name was Margaretha Geertruida Zelle. She would seduce men to get information about the war. She was accused of being a German spy and was later executed by a firing squad. German documents were unsealed and they proved she was a German agent. -
March Revolution
Russia was on the edge of a Revolution because war was so bad. The conditions of Russia were getting worse and the Russians wanted a change. Citizens protested in the streets and the police, soldiers refused to shoot at the rioters. This lead to the Czar giving up his thrown because the government was helpless. -
America Joined WW1
America joined World War 1 when they heard about the Zimmerman Telegram. The Zimmerman Telegram was from Germany to Mexico and they Germans were asking Mexico to invade America. This made America so mad so hey joined the Allies to fight against Germany. -
Representation of the People Act Passed
The Representation of the People Act allowed all women over the age of thirty to vote. Men over the age of twenty-one got the right to vote. Also all men gained suffrage and property qualifications were completely eliminated. -
Treaty of Brest-Litovsky
Lenin had to get Russia out of the war so he sent Leon Trotsky to negotiate peace with the Central Powers. They ended up creating the Treaty of Brest-Litovsky. As a result, Russia's army became powerless but they gained peace but they lost a lot of territory. They also lost 60 million people that lived on that land and they lost a lot of resources. But it was a high price to pay to get Russia out of the war. -
The Last Czars Assassination
The Bolsheviks didn't like the royal family so they took over and turned the country in a communists country. They moved the family from town to town because they didn't want to king to be rescued. The last house they lived in was called the "House of Special Purpose" and they were tricked into thinking they were being moved again so they go went into the cellular but they ended up getting killed by a firing squad. Their bodies were looted and then thrown into graves. -
Treaty of Versailles
Wilson, Llody-George, Clemenceau, and Orlando all got together to represent the Allie powers and they came up with the Treaty of Versailles. They didn't invite Germany, instead they just told them what to do. They made Germany reduce men, their Air Force gone, de-militarize Rhineland, lost territory, lost submarines, and they had to pay damage debt. But they also had to take responsibility for starting the war. -
Start of Kronstadt Revolt
War communism made Lenin really unpopular and peasants turned violent and workers went on strike. The soldiers near Petrograd even revolted against Lenin. The communists were sent to put down the revolt and there were 20,000 casualties. Lenin realized he might have to relax the war communism. -
Lenin's Death
Lenin imposed communist control in Russia and many of the citizens didn't like him. Lenin needed a strong Red Army with weapons and food so he forced the peasants and workers to give them food and resources. He would have him men raid houses to steal resources for his army. When he died he never said who the next leader would be. -
Stalin's Death
He ran against Trotsky to be the next leader because Lenin never said who the next leader would be and he ended up winning support. He used propaganda to trick people into following him and people worshipped him. He purged and had a lot of the people killed or sent to food labor camps because he was paranoid that people would over throw him. But when he died, people cried because they felt like they had to and the propaganda tricked them into thinking he was good.
