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The British East India Company
This company became very involved in Indian politics. Their empire was starting to get weaker so they jumped in and took over. So they started making lots of changes in India. But after awhile the company couldn’t control it anymore so Great Britain took over. -
The Gunpowder Plot
The Gunpowder Plot was an attempt to kill king James l and some of the parliament members. The King was supposed to go to the Houses of Parliament on the fifth of November and a group of Catholics lead by Robert Catesby plotted to put lots of gunpowder in tunnels under the Houses of Parliament to blow it up. But parliament figured out about it and found Guy Fawkes there ready to light the fuse and captured him and all the others and they were executed. -
John Locke
Locke believed that people are naturally born good. He was very influential for the Founding Fathers. He believed that all people have natural rights (rights you are born with/given to you by God) which are life, liberty, and property. For the government he felt that it should be run to keep people safe and protect their natural rights and if the government fails to do so the people can replace them. -
Charles ll was Beheaded
Charles only called on Parliament when he needed money which became an issue because they wanted a say with what was happening in their country. He asked them for money at one point and they said only if you sign the Petition of Rights limiting his power so he did but then didn’t call for them for another eleven years. This argument lead the the civil war when he was beheaded. -
The Palace of Versailles
King Louis XIV made his beautiful expensive palace. This date is when the palace became the official residence of the court and the government of France. This palace had rooms for all the servants and nobles and everyone making it so much harder for anyone to plot against the king with there being very little privacy. -
William and Mary
The Glorious Revolution is when William and Mary become the rulers of England and this is because there was no fighting. They ruled together because Mary was James ll daughter and parliament chose her over his son that was Catholic because she was Protestant. James the second was being kicked off the throne because of him turning into a Catholic. -
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Rousseau is an enlightenment thinker. He once said, “Man is born free but everywhere he is in chains.” He believed the government should be through the consent of the governed. He also has written the work called The Social Contract. Him and what he believed was an inspiration in some revolutions. -
The Wealth of Nations
The “Wealth of Nations” is a book written by Adam Smith. In the book it talks about how Adam feels that humans have a natural tendency for their own self-interest. He talks about how people should have the freedom to trade goods however they want to. -
The Storming of the Bastille
King Louis wanted the military to disband the National Assembly. In response to this a mob with weapons went to the Bastille, a Paris prison, searching for gunpowder. They got control over the building and killed some of the guards and paraded around town. -
The Declaration of the Rights of Man
This document was made on this date to reform the laws in France. It stated that people had the rights to liberty, property, and resistance to oppression. It also says that there is now freedom of religion, the right to create laws, freedom of speech, guaranteed property rights, freedom of the press, and everyone is equal. This posed some dilemmas because though it said all of these things women and other races did not have these rights even though everyone is equal. -
The Brunswick Manifesto
This manifesto was from the Duke of Brunswick. It stated that if the royal family was harmed at any time Paris would be leveled. Many countries wanted the revolution to end so the French has to end up fighting Austria, Prussia, Britain, Spain, and Piedmont. In the end they were able to stop all of the forces. -
Louis XVI is Executed
Louis XVI was the king during the French Revolution. He made many mistakes leading to the war and he was a bad ruler so during the reign of terror of the war he was put on trial for treason. His trial was held and he was found guilty. There were some people that thought that his punishment should be execution but some thought that was too rash and said to exile him. In the end he was executed by the guillotine. -
Napoleon Over Throws the Government
After the French Revolution the government and country were all in disarray. So Napoleon took his chance and had a successful coup d’ etat which is an over throw of the government. With this he declared him the First Consul, he chose this name because it is what Julius Caesar called himself. -
The Battle of Trafalgor
In this battle the French fight the British lead by Lord Nelson. Nelson had defeated Napoleon once before this battle at the battle of Nile and this battle was the second loss Napoleon had against him. Lord Nelson does die during this battle though. There is now a monument in Britain to honor their victory here. -
Abolition of the Slave Trade
On this date the abolition of the slave trade bill was passed. When it was passed Wilberforce got an applause. Within the same year John Newton who had worked towards this accomplishment died within the same year so he was able to live to see this huge change. -
Napoleon’s Defeat at Waterloo
This battle was Napoleon’s last defeat. This was after he had lost at Leipzig that lead to his exile on Elba that he escaped from. Then there was his hundred day period where he somewhat ruled but it ended here when he lost and he was exiled to St. Helena for the last time. He died there on May 5, 1821. -
Greece gets its Independence
Greece had a war to get its independence from the Ottoman Empire from 1821 to 1832. They were the only country that was successful at gaining their freedom during this time. With them gaining their freedom it made it so that they were one of the few countries that had no revolutions during 1848, the year of revolutions. -
Iron Horse Race
When the the train was first invented they had a race between the train and a horse because many people were very questionable about trains. So they raced and the train got ahead of the horse but the train was new so it did break down. But they kept on working on the train, so the train lost then but won out in the end. -
Michael Sadler proposes 10 hour working days
Michael Sadler interviewed many people that had a connection to factories. He did this to find the truth about how people who work there were treated. He found that they weren’t treated well so he proposed to parliament that there should only be allowed 10 hour work days. -
Abolition of the Slavery Act
The abolition of the slavery act was passed on this day. Although this act didn’t free all slaves immediately but it lead to the full transition to having no slaves. Wilberforce who worked his whole life towards this accomplishment died three days later. -
Queen Victoria took the crown
Queen Victoria reigned on the throne for about 63 years. She was an inspiration to all of her people especially with her rituals of mourning. She took the crown at the age of 18 and died at the age of 81. -
The Potato Famine begins
The potato famine started on this day. This was such a huge deal because it was the main source of food for the Irish because it was cheap and could be grown fast and easily. This famine resulted in lots of Irish people moving out of the country and lots of them moved to the United States. -
The Crystal Palace was Built
The Crystal Palace was built to show off all of their new inventions. The building was made up of mostly glass. People all over the world would come to see the inventions shown here. At the time it was the biggest involved space in the world. -
Louis Napoleon makes himself Emperor
Louis Napoleon became the president of France by the vote of the people but he realized that he wanted more control and power. So he had a Coup d’Etat and declared himself Emperor Napoleon lll on this date. Later on he was defeated during the Franco-Prussia war and was exiled. -
The Necropolis Train
The necropolis train was used to transport dead bodies to a large lot of land. They had to start doing this because graveyards started to become very overcrowded. -
The Origin of Species
This book was invented by Charles Darwin. This book is a work of scientific literature and is considered as the foundation of evolutionary biology. This book talked a lot about natural selection. -
Air Brakes invented
Air Brakes were invented so that trains could stop. They quickened the responsiveness and made trains a lot safer. Before air re were brakemen who would turn every car after cutting off power but it wasn’t good because often the brakemen would die and the train would usually stop before or after the actual train stop. So air brakes made it so that trains were more reliable. -
The Berlin conference
For this conference leaders of Europe all met in Berlin. They met to discuss how to divide up Africa among them. No African leaders were invited conference though and they payed no attention to ethnic boundaries when dividing it. When they were doing it their main concern was size and water access. -
The Boer War
A group of Dutch people had been living in Southern Africa since the 1600s. When gold was discovered there in the 1800s the British wanted to take over. But the boers put up a fight but in the end the British won and took over the area. -
The Boxer Rebellion
Anti foreign society called the society of righteous and harmonious fists emerged to protest the increasing of western presence in China. So the boxers organized to rid China of foreign devils. So this group went on a rampage killing 300 foreigners. -
Bloody Sunday
A group of unarmed people lead by Father Gapon in St. Petersburg, Russia, marched to petition to the Czar and were gunned down by imperial guards approaching the Winter Palace. There were many wounded and killed but the true number of people is unknown. This signaled the beginning of 1905 revolution. -
The October Manifesto
This was the promise of civil liberties such as freedom or religion, freedom of speech, and freedom of assembly, along with participation in the Duma. It was the introduction of universal male suffrage, uncensored newspapers, and a decree that no law should come into force without the consent of the Duma. -
Ford Model T invented
The Model T was invented by Henry Ford. This was the first car made so it changed life for the better greatly because it improved transportation along with communication. Also many people were given the opportunity to get one because he made it so that they were being made cheap and quickly. -
Assembly Lines
Henry Ford installed the first automated assembly line. This invention made it so that making a car only took 2 hours and 30 minutes compared to over 12 hours. Assembly lines made it so that many things could be mass produced. -
Armenian Genocide
This is when the Arminian genocide began. The Turkish government arrested and executed lots of Armenians. When the massacres ended between 600,000 and 1.5 million Armenians were dead. -
The sinking of the Lusitania
On this day Germany waged submarine warfare against the United Kingdom which had implemented a naval blockade of Germany. This was one of the key events that lead to the United States joining World War I because it had American passengers on board. -
Edith Cavell gets executed by a firing squad
Edith Cavell was a British nurse. She was very important because she didn’t only save people on her side she would help heal people on both sides of the war. She also helped 200 allied soldiers escape from German occupied Belgium. She was then arrested for treason and shot by a firing squad. -
The Women’s Party
The women’s party was formed by Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughter. They fought for many more rights for women. They got it so that all women 21 and over could vote by 1928. -
The Zimmerman Letter
The message came in the form of a coded telegram dispatched by Arthur Zimmermann. It was sent from the German official to Mexico trying to get Mexico to help them in the war against America. This was a major event that got America to join the war. -
Nicolas ll abdicated the throne
Many events lead to Nicolas abdicating the throne. He was not a good leader. He went to war with no training and thought he was be fine leading the army. Also when he went he left his wife in charge which she was strongly influenced by Rasputin. All of this lead to the people not trusting the Czar so he had to abdicate his throne. -
Petrograd Protest
At the beginning of the March revolution there were revolts and strikes in Petrograd. Citizens were protesting in the streets because of the scarcity of food. Then centuries of czarist rule in Russia ended with the abdication of Nicholas II because of these protests. -
The Red Baron died
Manfred von Richthofen was the Red Baron. Above the Somme River in France he was killed by allied forces. He was well respected by people on both sides. Roy Brown, a Canadian in the Royal Air Force, shot him. Richthofen was the best pilot in the war and ended with shooting down 80 enemy planes. -
The Romanov family is executed
Bolsheviks took the Romanov family hostage. They moved them around a lot for a year to avoid them being rescued by the white army. So they were moved one last time then tricked into thinking they were moving again so they all came to the cellar. There a firing squad came in and shot at them until they were dead and for those that took longer to die they used bayonets. -
Armistice
This was the day that they stopped fighting each other. At this point in the war a treaty just had to be made. The armistice happened now because the Germans couldn’t fight anymore and surrendered. -
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was formed
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) is established, having a confederation of Russia, Belorussia, Ukraine, and the Transcaucasian Federation. Also known as the Soviet Union, the new communist state was the successor to the Russian Empire and the first country in the world to be based on Marxist socialism. -
Vladimir Lenin Dies
Lenin started the communist control in Russia. At one point he was kicked out of Russia but was helped back into the country by Germany. When Lenin died he never made it clear who would rise to power after him. So once he was gone that lead to Stalin and Trotsky fighting for the power. -
The Crystal Palace Burnt Down
Sadly, this building of iron and glass burnt down. It was built but never repaired or renovated since it was built because of the lack of finances. The cause of the fire though is still unknown. -
Stalin’s Death
Stalin was a horrible leader but the people didn’t know it at the time. He used propaganda to his advantage. He had pictures of himself put up everywhere along with lies about his role in the Russian revolution to get the people to trust him. He executed anyone that posed a threat to him along with many others but the people were convinced that he didn’t know what was happening. Stalin was mourned by everyone when he passed because he was adored by everyone because of his lies.
