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House Un-American Activities Committee(HUAC)
-An investigative committee of the U.S. House of Representatives created 1938 to inquire into rebellious activities in the U.S. (It was abolished in 1975)
-In the mid-1940'2,the committee focused its investigations on searching for communists in U.S.
-Most famous for investigating Alger Hiss & for the "blacklisting" of many Hollywood actors
-Often inaccurately associated with Joseph McCarthy,who was a Senator(not a member of the House) -
2nd Great Migration
Migration of 5 million African Americans from south & form the north to the mid-west,& west
-Af Am moved from discrimination & for jobs in the defense industry
-They went to cities like Los Angeles,Oakland & Long Beach -
G.I. Bill Established
-Wanted to create benefits & jobs for soldiers coming back from WW2
-Benefits:low cost mortgage,start up loans for business,low interest loans,payed soldiers to go to college
-Economy was greatly improving in the U.S. with the help of the G.I. Bill -
Truman Doctrine
-Purpose:The US made policy to help stop the spread of communism & keep communism contained
-Was created to free a smaller country from a bigger force(communist)
-Containment Policy: is to stop the spread of communism to other countries
-Domino Theory:if one state came under communism the rest would follow -
Marshall Plan
-In 1947 Secretary of State George Marshall proposed an economic program to contain communism
-His Marshall Plan supported economic aid to Europe & generated increase trade between the U.S. & European nations
-Marshall received the 1953 Nobel Peace Prize for the plan -
North Atlantic Treaty Organization(NATO)
-Purposed:safeguard the freedom & security of its members through political & military means
-Why it was created :protect each other from the Soviet Union members:US,UK,Canada,& 9 other western European countries
-Stands for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
-Soviet response:they tried to expand & made the Warsaw Pact(defense treaty among eight communist states) -
Air-Conditioning(Man made Weather)
-Modern A/C invented in 1902 but not put to widespread use until after WW2
-Used 1st in theater in South
-Used of TV A/C & Cars killed the use of front porch gatherings & drove up the use of electricity
-Jobs & people migrated to the South b/c of the use of A/C(people can escape the southern heat )
-With more jobs & people in the South A/C helped boosted the economy -
Rock-N-Roll
-A former of popular music that evolved in the 1950's from rhythm & blues:characterized by the use of electric guitars,a strong rhythm with an accent on the off beat,& youth-oriented lyrics it characterized a generational divide between youths & adults -
Senate Hearings led by Joseph McCarthy
-RED SCARE 2 also McCarthyism-term coined by political cartoonist Herbert Block in a 1950 cartoon in reference to Senate Joseph McCarthy
-The fear of communism(a second Red Scare)increased throughout 1950's extreme opposition to communism gained the name
-"McCarthyism"from the efforts of Senate McCarthy in 1950 announced that communists worked in the State Dept.
-He dentify known communists & accused others due to 1000's falsely accused he lost the senators race -
Sputnik Launch (RUSSIA)
-Important to the US:Sputnik launch ignites US
-Soviet space race president of the US:Dwight Eisenhower (WW2 General) head of Soviet Union:Nikita Khrushchev -
Creation of NASA
-Importance to the US:was the 1st space program made by the U.S. after Russia launched the 1st space craft(Sputnik) US also pushed for more Math & Science education in school people:Pres.
Eisenhoweer -
Berlin Wall
-In 1961,the Soviet backed the east German(GDR) began constructing a fence to halt the flow of human resources from the East to the West
-The Wall was a symbol of the division of East & West for the remainder of the Cold War until it was taken down in 1989
-Iron Curtain:phrase used by Winston Churchill to describe the division of Europe between communist & democratization -
President Kennedy "Moon" Speech
-"We choose to go to the moon"speech
-Meant to persuade the American people to support the effort of NASA to send a manned space flight to the moon -
Cuban Missile Crisis
-During Oct. 1962 crisis,President John F. Kennedy warned Soviet leader Nikita
-Khrushchev that an attack launched on the United States from missiles based in Cuba would be considered an attack from the Soviet Union
-In 1963 Kennedy secured a nuclear test-ban treaty with the Soviets
-Direct communication between the White House & the Kremlin was enacted so the nations leaders could communicate in times of crisis -
Friendship 7
-Importance to America:1st successful attempted by NASA to place an astronaut in space people:John Glenn