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Evil spirits
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Prayer, blood letting, amputation
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Digitalis for heart, quinine for digestion , belladonna and atropine for digestion, morphine for pain
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- First people keep accurate health records
- the priests acted as physicians
- they used medicines to heal and called upon gods to heal them
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They were the first to use acupuncture that is still in use today
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- first to determine illness not just coming from spirits
- stopped believing in spiritual illness
- religion did not allow bodies to be dissected
- Hippocrates the father of medicine based knowledge on anatomy he found disease not caused by supernatural force. Wrote the standard of ethics
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- learned from the Greeks to create sanitation system. They use clean water and made sewer systems
- the first to organize medical care sent medical care with their armies
- beginning of hospitals was where physicians kept a room in their house for the sick. Eventually public buildings for sick were established.
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- the Roman Empire was conquered which produced a stop in the study of medicine
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Most of the treatment was through prayer. Medicine was herbal mixtures.
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Epidemics was the leading cause of millions of deaths. Some of these included bubonic plague, smallpox, diphtheria, Syphilis, and tuberculosis.
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- The learning began again, universities and medical schools were built.
- people began dissecting the body
- publishing books and the printing press made learning knowledge easier.
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Leonardo da Vinci recorded and studied the human body -
Discovered fallopian tubes
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Discovered Eustachian tube (tube fro ear to throat)
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First to explain circulation of blood and pumping of the heart -
Invented the microscope and showed that life is smaller than what we can see. He also found bacteria that causes tooth decay.
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Early pharmacies started and in England they began trading drugs and spices.
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Discovered bifocals and the fact that colds could be spread from person to person -
Students attend lectures in classroom and laboratory but also observe patients. After patients died they were able to dissect the body.
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Discovered element of oxygen also found plants respiration
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Discovered vaccination for smallpox
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Invented the stethoscope allowed doctors to see if disease was there
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- durning Crimean war took care of soldiers dying from cholera
- devoted her life to get better sanitation and management of hospitals
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- identified cause of childbed fever
- found handwashing and cleanliness was SUPER important
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Discovered microorganisms are everywhere and caused disease also pasteurization kills bacteria in milk. -
Discovered filtered sap from diseased plants could transfer the infection to healthy plants.
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First doctor to use carbolic acid on wounds to kill germ infections
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Developed asepsis a method to keep areas germ free before and during surgery
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Discovered disease causing organisms. Made importance of cleanliness and sanitation to prevent disease
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Discovered effect of medicine on disease causing microorganisms
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Discovered x rays and took first x ray picture
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Pain was a big issue in surgery so they developed nitrous oxide which puts someone in a deep sleep -
Found penicillin killed life threatening bacteria
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Discovered conscious and unconscious parts of the brain. Determined the mind and body work together
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Discovered sulfonamide compounds, the first medications that killed bacteria
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Discovered dead polio virus caused immunity to poliomyelitis
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Used live polio vaccine found it was more effective
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Discovered molecular structure of DNA and how it replicates along with the genetic code.
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Preformed the first successful heart transplant
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A pioneer in separating Siamese twins and preforms surgeries on the brain to stop seizures
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Allows surgeries to be more minimally invasive and less risk of infection -
The process where cancer treatment only kills harmful cells instead of all cells
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Organs are being grown in labs becuase of high demand in organ transplants. -
Treatments to help with the HIV immune system disease
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completed the first ever draft of all the DNA in the human body