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Unit 9 Timeline
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White Primary is Abolished in Georgia II
Three Governors Episode was the first time that blacks voted in a primary election. -
White Primary is Abolished in Georgia Info: http://tw0.us/Un Pic: http://tw0.us/VU
The white primary was used because no one wanted blacks to vote. The law stated that African Americans could not be segregated during general elections; instead, Georgia used primary elections. Since Georgia was a one party state, the eventual winners had been chosen in the primary elections and the blacks had no say in the election.
In 1946, thanks to the King v. Chapman case, it was ruled that the white primary was another way to segregate the blacks, and was therefore unconstitutional. The -
Integration of the Armed Forces II
with this new rule. There were many protesting and outbursts exploding out of the military officer’s mouths. -
Integration of the Armed Forces Info: http://tw0.us/SS Pic: http://tw0.us/ZK
In January of 1948, President Truman wanted to desegregate the military forces. On July 26, the Democratic National Convention included desegregating the armed forces as part of their liberal civil rights plank. The order was said to state that “It is hereby declared to be the policy of the President that there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services without regard to race, color, religion, or national origin.” However, the armed forces were not happy -
Brown vs Board of Education II
combined their cases with others from different states. On May 17, 1954, they came to the conclusion that, in favor of the 14th amendment, all schools should be desegregated. -
Brown vs Board of Education Info: http://tw0.us/VY Pic: http://tw0.us/VZ
The NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) agreed to help Oliver Brown when he tried to enroll his daughter in a white school and was declined. They stated schools that were segregated were making blacks feel not as important as whites. The Board of Education then retorted that they were only preparing the kids to face segregation when they got older, and then proceeded to say that blacks like Booker T. Washington overcame segregation.
On October 1, 1951, the Browns -
Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott Info: http://tw0.us/Uj Pic: http://tw0.us/Vn
One of the laws regarding blacks was that they had to sit in the back of the bus and, if asked, they were to give up their seat to a white. In 1955, Rosa Parks was asked to relinquish her seat to a white, she refused. The cops were called and she was sent to jail. Since she was so well known in the NAACP, this produced an outstanding uprising. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. called a meeting at the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery. They decided to boycott the bus system.
Blacks did not -
Raso Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott
ride the bus on the day of December 5th. The whites decided to fight back with harassment. Car-poolers were arrested for picking up hitchhikers, and blacks waiting on the street corners were arrested for loitering. Also, they bombed MLK’s house. The boycott continued for a year. The United States Supreme Court eventually ended the boycott, and they told bus companies that they had to desegregate the bus system. -
Change to Georgia's State Flag II
again in 2004. -
Change to Georgia's State Flag Info: http://tw0.us/S0 Pic:: http://tw0.us/ZN
In 1955, three men wanted to attach the Confederate flag to Georgia’s flag. John Sammons Bell, Jefferson Lee Davis, and Willis Harden represented the state in this decision. There were many different reasons why they wanted to change the flag. The most common reasons were that it was to symbolize the way Georgia feels about integration, and the other was to honor the Civil War. As soon as they changed the flag, everyone was very controversial. They then changed the flag again in 2001, and then -
Crisis at Central High School and the "Little Rock Nine" II
was called by the Little Rock Mayor, puts 10,000 National Guards around the school. The Little Rock Nine walks into the school again, while angry mobs are outside beating black reporters. -
Crisis at Central High School and the "Little Rock Nine" Info: http://tw0.us/ZO Pic: http://tw0.us/ZP
On September 4, 1957, Central High School hired guards to prevent blacks from gaining access to the school grounds. These guards turned away nine blacks from entering the school. The troops are ordered to withdraw after a federal judge grants NAACP officers an injunction. On September 23, police secretly sneak the students into the school, but since they are afraid of the growing crowd outside becoming hostile, they send the students home before noon. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, who was -
Hebrew Benevolent Congregaation in ATL Bombed Info: http://tw0.us/VJ Pic: http://tw0.us/ZQ
The Hebrew Benevolent Congregation Temple was bombed on October 12, 1958. Even though no one was hurt during the bombing, the bombing could have been prevented when the UPI (United Press International) staff answered a call saying that there would be a bomb. Afterwards, they received another call stating that if there are any nightclubs who won’t relinquish blacks and Jews from their duties, they will bomb those buildings as well. -
Sibley Commission Info: http://tw0.us/Ti
The Sibley Commission (a.k.a. the General Assembly Committee on Schools) was a group of people who went around and took people’s point of view on desegregating the school systems. Of course, nobody wanted to desegregate the schools. -
Integration of The University of Georgia Info: http://tw0.us/bs
Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton Holmes were ordered to be admitted into the University of Georgia by Judge W. A. Bootle. Legislators passed a law years before that said that any all-white school that admitted a black student would not receive any more state funds. Students feared the worst. Even though everything was under control at first, on January 11, a mob formed outside of Charlayne’s dorm. They defaced the property and they also caused the university bad publicity. This was brought to the -
Integration of The University of Georgia Info: http://tw0.us/bs
attention of the legislators and, after the rioting had ceased, the law was repealed. -
Freedom Rides Info: http://tw0.us/Tj
Afterwards, they rode to Mississippi. There they encountered even more beatings; however, dozens more were inspired to support and volunteer for the freedom rides. -
Freedom Rides Info: http://tw0.us/Tj
The main point of Freedom Rides was to desegregate transportation systems throughout the south. Within the first four days there was not much hostility, but during the second week riders were beaten. One of the buses was burned outside of Alabama. Also, outside of a police station dozens of whites demolished the riders. Since the CORE didn’t want violence to put a stop to the freedom rides, they continued the trip with volunteers. That group was attacked after they arrived at Montgomery.
