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Judiciary Act of 1789
Says the Supreme Court has original jurisdiction in cases pertaining to writs of mandamus (increasing the court's power outside what was explicit in the constitution), ruled unconstitutional by Marbury v. Madison -
Cotton Gin invented
Eli Whitney invents the cotton gin -
John Marshall becomes Chief Justice
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Election of 1800
Thomas Jefferson beats John Adams -
John Adam's Midnight Appointments
John Adam's appoints16 new circuit judges and 42 new justices of the peace before Thomas Jefferson takes office after Congress passed the Judiciary Act of 180, which created new courts, added judges, and gave the president more control over appointment of judges. -
Marbury v Madison
Justice John Marshall establishes Judicial Review -
Louisiana Purchase
Thomas Jefferson makes the Louisiana Purchase from France -
Election of 1828
Andrew Jackson becomes President -
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Railroad Construction Boom
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Battle of Fort Sumter
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Civil War
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13th Amendment
Slavery is illegal in the United States -
14th Amendment
Granted citizenship to all persons "born or naturalized in the United States," including formerly enslaved people, and provided all citizens with “equal protection under the laws,” and applied the Bill of Rights to the states. -
15th Amendment
All men age 21 or older can vote -
Compromise of 1877
Rutherford B Hayes becomes President in exchange for the removal of Northern troops from the South, ending the Reconstruction attempt -
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More than 2,500 African Americans were lynched
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Close of American Frontier
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Plessy v Furguson
Set the precedent for separate but equal, legalizing segregation -
Spanish American War begins
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Ford begins production of Model T
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National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
Black Americans banded together to secure the rights guaranteed by the Constitution and to seek equality and redress for their justified grievances. -
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Great Migration
Millions of Blacks responded to Jim Crow conditions—and the lure of better economic opportunities elsewhere—by fleeing the South (often in violation of local curfews and anti-migration laws). -
Federal Reserve System Created
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Standard Oil Company Broken Up
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World War I
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Lynching of pregnant Mary Turner and her husband
A white man who bailed black men out of jail and forced them to work on his farm to pay the fines was killed. A Lynch mob ensued. No charges were ever brought against those who killed Mary Turner, eight months pregnant. -
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Harlem Renaissance
Poets and authors like Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston, and Countee Cullen; musicians including Count Basie and Duke Ellington; intellectuals like W.E.B. Du Bois, Gwendolyn B. Bennett, and Alain Locke; painter Aaron Douglas and sculptor Augusta Savage inspired a rising Black consciousness and changed American culture writ large. -
Tulsa Race Riot in Oklahoma
A mob composed of whites, including law enforcement and members of the National Guard, attacked the Black citizens of Greenwood, the richest Black neighborhood in the country. Over the course of two days, the mob destroyed “Black Wall Street” -
Stock Market Crash
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Great Depression
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World War 2
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Double V Campaign
Pittsburgh Courier named the campaign and described its aims: “We, as colored Americans . . . have adopted the Double ‘V’ war cry—victory over our enemies at home and victory over our enemies on the battlefields abroad. Thus in our fight for freedom we wage a two-pronged attack against our enslavers at home and those abroad who will enslave us.” -
Pearl Harbor
U.S enters WWII -
Jackie Robinson
Jackie Robinson broke the racial color barrier in major league baseball in 1947 -
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Cold War
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Armed Force Integration
President Truman -
Women's Political Council
a group of black professionals led by JoAnn Robinson, an Alabama State College professor, that played a major role in organizing, publicizing, and supporting the Montgomery bus boycott. -
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Korean War
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Brown v Board of Education
Overturned the precedent of Plessy v Ferguson, ruling that separate is inherently unequal -
Murder of Emmett Till
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Rosa Parks
Rosa Parks, secretary of the local branch of the NAACP, was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on the bus -
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Vietnam War
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Supreme Court ended segregated public transportation
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I Have A Dream Speech
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. -
Letter From the Birmingham Jail
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Civil Rights Act of 1964
The bill prohibited all forms of Jim Crow laws designed to regulate the private and public lives of Black citizens. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Protected the right to register and the right to vote. -
U.S. enters Vietnam War
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Black Panther Party
The BPP offered a mix of black nationalism, Marxism, and militarism, and provided community services such as health clinics and free breakfasts for school children and others in need. -
Thurgood Marshall became the first African American Supreme Court Justice
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Uprisings
more than one hundred uprisings with varying levels of destruction from coast to coast. -
Martin Luther King's Assassination
