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A federal law that gave settlers 160 acres of land if they lived on it for five years and improved it for about $30.
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The first restrictive law passed in 1882, restricted paupers, criminals, and convict immigrants from entering the U.S.
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The first national labor organization in U.S. history was founded in 1866 and gained 600,000 members from many parts of the workforce. It limited the participation of Chinese, women, and blacks.
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A national federation of trade unions that included only skilled workers, founded in 1886. It consisted of an association of self-governing national unions, each kept independence.
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Dr. W. E. B Du Bois, demanded complete equality for blacks, socially and economically, and helped found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).