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South attacked Fort Sumter.
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An act of Congress that helped educate and take care of newly freed slaves.
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Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant.
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Passed by Congress January 31, 1865; National ban on slavery.
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Ku Klux Klan attacked blacks and their white companions. Due to these attacks, enrollment rates decrease to about 5% due to fear of death.
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Passed by Congress on June 13, 1866; granted citizenship to free slaves.
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Passed by Congress on February 26, 1869; Guaranteed black males the right to vote.
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President Johnson declared reconstruction period to be over.
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Due to the end of the Civil War and Reconstruction,about 30% of blacks begin to attend schools more.
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He was a black activist who wrote an article for the Christian Recorder; agreed with Booker T. Washington.
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People of the south used legal methods, such as rigging the literacy tests and adding poll taxes, to stop the blacks from voting.
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He encouraged the blacks to work hard to gain respect from the white people.
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He spoke about focusing more on politics than education.
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He proposed the Niagara Movement. His speech inspired more black enrollments to about 50% by 1930s. Because more blacks went to school, the illiteracy rates began to decrease.