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Several United States federal laws that gave an applicant ownership of land, typically called a "homestead", at little or no cost.
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Banned slavery and all involuntary servitude, except in the case of punishment for a crime.
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The Citizenship Clause granted citizenship to All persons born or naturalized in the United States.
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Originally known as the "Pacific Railroad" was a 1,907-mile contiguous railroad line constructed in the United States between 1863 and 1869 west of the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers to connect the Pacific coast at San Francisco Bay with the existing eastern U.S. rail network at Council Bluffs, Iowa.
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The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.
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Granted African American men the right to vote by declaring that the "right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude."
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New York City political organization founded in 1786 and incorporated on May 12, 1789, as the Tammany Society
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Invented in 1876 by Alexander Graham Bell
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A staggered process and the period of Republican control ended at different times in different states. With the Compromise of 1877, Army intervention in the South ceased and Republican control collapsed in the last three state governments in the South.
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Any of the laws that enforced racial segregation in the South between the end of Reconstruction in 1877 and the beginning of the civil rights movement in the 1950's.
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Alessandro Volta demonstrated a glowing electric wire in the year 1800, which arguably constitutes the first incandescent light. Thomas Edison is credited with inventing the first commercially practical incandescent light.
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Chinese were not allowed to enter the United States of America for 10 years.
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A federal law of the United States of America, which stipulates that government jobs are to be awarded on the basis of merit and also made it a law to be able to fire anyone for political reasons.
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When Native Americans were recognized as citizens and not jut as a tribe member.
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A United States federal law that was designed to regulate the railroad industry and mainly focused on all monopolies.
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A settlement house in the United States that was co-founded in 1889 by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr and allowed recently incoming Europeans who were immigrants to stay there.
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An article written by Andrew Carnegie who dominated his way through the steel industry.
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A migration by an estimated 100,000 prospectors to the Klondike region of the Yukon in north-western Canada.
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A landmark federal statute in the history of United States antitrust law passed by Congress in 1890.
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Studies among the Tenements of New York was an early publication of photojournalism by Jacob Riis, documenting squalid living conditions in New York City slums in the 1880s.
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A revolutionary analysis of the importance of naval power as a factor in the rise of the British Empire.
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One of the most difficult episodes about Andrew Carnegie's life and one that revealed the steel magnate's conflicting beliefs regarding the rights of labor.
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A nationwide railroad strike in the United States on May 11, 1894 and a turning point for US labor law.
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Case in which the U.S. Supreme Court, on May 18, 1896, by a seven-to-one majority advanced the controversial “separate but equal” doctrine for assessing the constitutionality of racial segregation laws.
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Fought between the United States and Spain in 1898. Hostilities began in the aftermath of the internal explosion of the USS Maine in Havana Harbor in Cuba.
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A term in foreign affairs initially used to refer to the United States policy established in the late 19th century and the early 20th century, as enunciated in Secretary of State John Hay's Open Door Note.
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President McKinley was shaking hands with the people in the public when he suddenly was shot by an anarchist named Leon Czolgosz.
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The Jungle is a 1906 novel written by the American journalist and novelist Upton Sinclair.
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Automobile produced by Ford Motor Company from October 1, 1908, to May 26, 1927.
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Act of Congress that created and established the Federal Reserve System.
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Temperance has finally ended
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Afraid of communism
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The Scopes Monkey trial began in Dayton, Tennessee when a high school teacher John Thomas Scopes was charged with violating Tennessee's law against teaching evolution instead of the divine creation of man.
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The Saint Valentine's Day Massacre is the name given to the 1929 murder in Chicago of seven men of the North Side gang during the Prohibition Era.
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The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression in the 1930s.
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A shanty town built during the Great Depression
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An act sponsored by Senator Reed Smoot and Representative Willis C. Hawley and signed into law on June 17, 1930, that raised U.S. tariffs on over 20,000 imported goods to record levels.
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Also referred to as the Shoah, was a genocide during World War II in which Adolf Hitler's Nazi Germany, aided by its collaborators, systematically murdered some six million European Jews, around two-thirds of the Jewish population of Europe.
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Also known as the Dirty Thirties, was a period of severe dust storms that greatly damaged the ecology and agriculture of the American and Canadian prairies during the 1930s
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An episode during the Second Sino-Japanese War of mass murder and mass rape by Japanese troops against the residents of Nanjing
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A joint invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union, the Free City of Danzig, and a small Slovak contingent, that marked the beginning of World War II.
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It involved the vast majority of the world's countries, including all of the great powers, eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis.
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The attack, also known as the Battle of Pearl Harbor, led to the United States' entry into World War II.
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Code talkers are people in the 20th century who used obscure languages as a means of secret communication during wartime.
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The Bataan Memorial Death March is a challenging march through the high desert terrain of White Sands Missile Range, conducted in honor of the heroic service members who defended the Philippine Islands during World War II, sacrificing their freedom, health and, in many cases, their very lives.
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The Western Allies of World War II launched the largest amphibious invasion in history when they assaulted Normandy, located on the northern coast of France, on 6 June 1944.
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The Buchenwald concentration camp was liberated on April 11, 1945 by four soldiers in the Sixth Armored Division of the US Third Army, commanded by General George S. Patton.
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Victory in Europe Day (V-E Day or VE Day) was on 8 May 1945, the date when the World War II Allies formally accepted the unconditional surrender of the armed forces of Nazi Germany and the end of Adolf Hitler's Third Reich.
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A temporary marked increase in the birth rate, especially the one following World War II
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Sets a limit on the number of times a person is eligible for election to the office of President of the United States
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A war between North Korea and South Korea. The war began on 25 June 1950 when North Korea invaded South Korea following a series of clashes along the border
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During the 1950's, it was easy to see what Churchill meant. The United States was the world’s strongest military power, its economy was booming, and the fruits of this prosperity consumer goods were available to more people than ever before. However, it was also an era of much great conflict.
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During the 1950's, it was easy to see what Churchill meant. The United States was the world’s strongest military power, its economy was booming, and the fruits of this prosperity consumer goods were available to more people than ever before. However, it was also an era of much great conflict.
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United States citizens who were executed on June 19, 1953 after being convicted of committing espionage for the Soviet Union
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On Nov. 11, 1918, fighting in World War I came to an end following the signing of an armistice between the Allies and Germany that called for a ceasefire effective at 11 a.m.
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An American Army general and statesman who served as the 34th President of the United States
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A landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional.
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A set of domestic programs in the United States launched by Democratic President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964–65. The main goal was the elimination of poverty and racial injustice.
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Vaccines used to prevent poliomyelitis
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Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat to a white passenger on a city bus in Montgomery, Alabama.
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The Vietnam War was a long, costly and divisive conflict that pitted the communist government of North Vietnam against South Vietnam and its principal ally, the United States.
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Took several years of wrangling, but a new Federal-Aid Highway Act passed in June 1956. The law authorized the construction of a 41,000-mile network of interstate highways that would span the nation.
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"Heartbreak Hotel" makes its climb up the charts on its way to #1
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The first artificial Earth satellite
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A group of nine African American students enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957.
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One of the first prime-time sitcom series written from a child's point of view.
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The result was the Civil Rights Act of 1957, the first civil rights legislation since Reconstruction. The new act established the Civil Rights Section of the Justice Department and empowered federal prosecutors to obtain court injunctions against interference with the right to vote.
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Also called the Chicano civil rights movement or El Movimiento, was a civil rights movement extending the Mexican-American civil rights movement of the 1960's with the stated goal of achieving Mexican American empowerment.
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The 44th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 8, 1960. In a closely contested election, Democrat John F. Kennedy defeated incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon, the Republican Party nominee.
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1400 Cuban exiles launched what became a botched invasion at the Bay of Pigs on the south coast of Cuba.
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A volunteer program run by the United States government
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A landmark case in criminal procedure, in which the United States Supreme Court decided that evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment, which protects against "unreasonable searches and seizures," may not be used in state law criminal prosecutions in state courts, as well as in federal criminal law prosecutions in federal courts as had previously been the law.
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Commonly referred to by his initials JFK, was an American politician who served as the 35th President of the United States from January 1961 until his assassination in November 1963
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Also known as the October Crisis, the Caribbean Crisis, or the Missile Scare, was a 13-day confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union
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A book written by Betty Friedan which is widely credited with sparking the beginning of second-wave feminism in the United States.
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Assassinated on Friday, November 22, 1963, at 12:30 p.m. in Dallas, Texas while riding in a presidential motorcade.
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A landmark case in United States Supreme Court history. In it, the Supreme Court unanimously ruled that states are required under the Sixth Amendment to the U.S
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Often referred to by his initials LBJ, was an American politician who served as the 36th President of the United States
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A United States Supreme Court case holding that criminal suspects have a right to counsel during police interrogations under the Sixth Amendment.
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Prohibits both Congress and the states from conditioning the right to vote in federal elections on payment of a poll tax or other types of tax.
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Ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin, is considered one of the crowning legislative achievements of the civil rights movement.
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Signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson, aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote as guaranteed under the 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
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A landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court will be admissible at trial only if the prosecution can show that the defendant was informed of the right to consult with an attorney before and during questioning and of the right against self-incrimination before police questioning, and that the defendant not only understood these rights, but voluntarily waived them.
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Also known as the June War, 1967 Arab–Israeli War, or Third Arab–Israeli War, was fought between June 5 and 10, 1967 by Israel and the neighboring states of Egypt, Jordan, and Syria.
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In 1961, President John F. Kennedy appointed Marshall to United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. Four years later, President Lyndon B. Johnson appointed Marshall as the United States Solicitor General. In 1967, Johnson successfully nominated Marshall to succeed retiring Associate Justice Tom C. Clark.
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American clergyman and civil rights leader, was fatally shot at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee, on April 4, 1968. He was rushed to St. Joseph's Hospital, where he was pronounced dead at 7:05 p.m.
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US policy of withdrawing its troops and transferring the responsibility and direction of the war effort to the government of South Vietnam.
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Selective Service System of the United States conducted two lotteries to determine the order of call to military service in the Vietnam War for men born from 1944 to 1950.
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Nixon was the 37th president of the United States until he quit presidency being the only president to ever do that.
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Occurred at Kent State University in the U. S. city of Kent, Ohio, and involved the shooting of unarmed college students by the Ohio National Guard on Monday, 4 May 1970.
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Series of military operations conducted in eastern Cambodia during 1970 by the United States and the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) during the Vietnam War.
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The right for 18 year olds to vote
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Name given to a period of improved relations between the United States and the Soviet Union that began tentatively in 1971
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The Pentagon Papers was the name given to a top-secret Department of Defense study of U.S. political and military involvement in Vietnam.
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As a federal civil rights law in the United States of America, was passed as part of the Education Amendments of 1972.
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A major political scandal that occurred in the United States during the early 1970's, following a break-in by five men at the Democratic National Committee headquarters.
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Federal law intended to check the president's power to commit the United States to an armed conflict without the consent of the U.S. Congress.
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Signed on December 28, 1973, and provides for the conservation of species that are endangered or threatened throughout all or a significant portion of their range, and the conservation of the ecosystems on which they depend.
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Motorola was the first company to produce a handheld mobile phone.
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A landmark United States Supreme Court case which resulted in a unanimous decision against President Richard Nixon, ordering him to deliver tape recordings.
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A presidential pardon of Richard Nixon (Proclamation 4311) was issued on September 8, 1974, by President Gerald Ford, which granted his predecessor Richard Nixon a full and unconditional pardon for any crimes he might have committed against the United States while president.
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The Fall of Saigon was the capture of Saigon, the capital of South Vietnam, by the People's Army of Vietnam and the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam on 30 April 1975.
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Microsoft was founded on April 4, 1975, by Bill Gates and Paul Allen in Albuquerque, New Mexico.
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An American nonprofit organization that advocates for gun rights. Founded in 1871, the group has informed its members about firearm-related bills since 1934, and it has directly lobbied for and against legislation since 1975.
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In 1975, the 20-year-old Jobs and Wozniak set up shop in Jobs' parents' garage, dubbed the venture Apple, and began working on the prototype of the Apple I.
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Signed by Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin on 17 September 1978, following twelve days of secret negotiations at Camp David.
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Signed in a ceremony at the White House on March 26, 1979, and the three leaders—Egyptian President Anwar Sadat, U.S. President Jimmy Carter, and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin—joined hands and shared big smiles.
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A Grammy Award winning American indie rock band from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, formed in 2005.
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HIV/AIDS is a global pandemic. As of 2016, approximately 36.7 million people are living with HIV globally. In 2016, approximately half are men and half are women. There were about 1.0 million deaths from AIDS in 2016, down from 1.9 million in 2005.
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US service personnel -- including 220 Marines and 21 other service personnel -- are killed by a truck bomb at a Marine compound in Beirut, Lebanon. Three hundred service members had been living at the four-story building at the airport in Beirut.
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Often referred to simply as Oprah, is an American syndicated talk show that aired nationally for 25 seasons from September 8, 1986 to May 25, 2011 in Chicago, Illinois.
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During 1989 and 1990, the Berlin Wall came down, borders opened, and free elections ousted Communist regimes everywhere in eastern Europe. In late 1991 the Soviet Union itself dissolved into its component republics. With stunning speed, the Iron Curtain was lifted and the Cold War came to an end.
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As the Cold War began to thaw across Eastern Europe, the spokesman for East Berlin's Communist Party announced a change in his city's relations with the West.
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The process in 1990 in which the German Democratic Republic became part of the Federal Republic of Germany to form the reunited nation of Germany
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Operation conducted by Iraq against the neighboring state of Kuwait, which resulted in the seven-month-long Iraqi occupation of the country.
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An African-American taxi driver who became known internationally as the victim of Los Angeles Police Department brutality, after a videotape was released of several police officers beating him during his arrest on March 3, 1991
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The Gulf War, code-named Operation Desert Shield for operations leading to the buildup of troops and defense of Saudi Arabia and Operation Desert Storm in its combat phase, was a war waged by coalition
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The 1994 elections resulted in Republicans gaining 54 House and 9 U.S. Senate seats. When the Republicans gained this majority of seats in the 104th Congress, the Contract was seen as a triumph by party leaders such as Minority Whip Newt Gingrich, Dick Armey, and the American conservative movement in general.
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Also known as the Global War on Terrorism, is an international military campaign that was launched by the U.S. government after the September 11 attacks in the U.S. in 2001
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An Act of Congress that was signed into law by President George W. Bush on October 26, 2001. With its ten-letter abbreviation (USA PATRIOT) expanded, the full title is “Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001”.
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The September 11 attacks were a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks by the Islamic terrorist group Al-Qaeda on the United States on the morning of Tuesday, September 11, 2001.
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NASA has started the assembly, test, and launch operations (ATLO) for its Mars 2020 rover, a key milestone that involves bringing together parts from all over the world.
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An American online social media and social networking service company based in Menlo Park, California.
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An extremely destructive and deadly tropical cyclone that is tied with Hurricane Harvey of 2017 as the costliest tropical cyclone on record.
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On January 9, 2007, Steve Jobs announced iPhone at the Macworld convention, receiving substantial media attention. Jobs announced that the first iPhone would be released later that year. On June 29, 2007, the first iPhone was released.
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Served as the 67th United States Secretary of State, under President Barack Obama, from 2009 to 2013, overseeing the department that conducted the Foreign policy of Barack Obama. She was preceded in office by Condoleezza Rice, and succeeded by John Kerry.
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The 45th and current President of the United States, in office since January 20, 2017. Before entering politics, he was a businessman and television personality.
