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The founding document of the United States, its goals were to rally the troops, win foreign allies, and to announce the creation of a new country
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The Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union was an agreement among the 13 original states of the United States of America that served as its first frame of government.
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is a statement about both freedom of conscience and the principle of separation of church and state.
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The Treasury Department is the executive agency responsible for promoting economic prosperity and ensuring the financial security of the United States.
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The Whiskey Rebellion was a violent tax protest in the United States
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Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.
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the first amendment protects speech, religion, press, assembly, and the right to petition the government.
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the 2nd Amendment gave people the right to carry firearms
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the 3rd Amendment prevents soldiers from unlawfully coming into peoples homes.
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the 4th amendment protects people from unreasonable searches and seizures by the government.
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guarantees the right to a grand jury, forbids “double jeopardy,” and protects against self-incrimination.
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ensures that citizens' civil cases can be heard and decided upon by a jury of their peers.
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The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.
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guarantees the rights of criminal defendants, including the right to a public trial without unnecessary delay, the right to a lawyer, the right to an impartial jury, and the right to know who your accusers are and the nature of the charges and evidence against you.
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The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.
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The Judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by Citizens of another State, or by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign State.
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The Alien and Sedition Acts was four law created that applied restrictions to immigration and speech
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The Louisiana Purchase was the acquisition of the territory of Louisiana by the United States from the French First Republic
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power of traditional review
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The Twelfth Amendment requires a person to receive a majority of the electoral votes for vice president for that person to be elected vice president by the Electoral College. If no candidate for vice president has a majority of the total votes, the Senate, with each senator having one vote, chooses the vice president.
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The court decided that the Federal Government had the right and power to set up a Federal bank and that states did not have the power to tax the Federal Government.
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forbade states from enacting any legislation that would interfere with Congress's right to regulate commerce among the separate states.
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that the states did not have the right to impose regulations on Native American land
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The Supreme Court ruled that a slave who had resided in a free state and territory was not thereby entitled to his freedom
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Citizens could acquire 160 acres of land by farming the land for five years
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Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.
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No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States
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granted African American men the right to vote
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upheld the power of state governments to regulate private industries that affect the common good.
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upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the separate but equal doctrine.
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New York passed a labor law limiting the working week for bakers to 60 hours. Joseph Lochner, a Bavarian baker, was fined twice, because his employees worked more than 60 hours. Lochner appealed, arguing the law was unconstitutional.
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allows Congress to levy a tax on income from any source without apportioning it among the states and without regard to the census.
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that senators will be elected to six-year terms by popular vote
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The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.
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outlawed the production, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages.
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The Maternity Act gave states money for programs aimed to help mothers and their infants. A woman named Frothingham thought the act would lead to an increase in her taxes, so she tried to sue the federal government. The issue was whether a taxpayer had standing to sue, when the only injury was going to be an increase in taxes.
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A young woman named Carrie Buck was diagnosed with "feeble mindedness," and committed to a state institution after she was raped by her foster parent's nephew, and had his child. Her mother had also been diagnosed as feeble minded. Under the 1924 Virginia Eugenical Sterilization Act, she was to be sterilized against her will, since she was seen as unfit to procreate. Buck's appointed guardian sued, hoping to have the Supreme Court find sterilization constitutional.
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sets the inauguration date for new presidential terms and the date for new sessions of Congress.
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What is the 21 Amendment in simple terms?
The 21st Amendment ended prohibition -
No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice
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the Supreme Court ruled that separating children in public schools on the basis of race was unconstitutional
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extends the right to participate in presidential elections to the District of Columbia.
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the Supreme Court established that the Fourteenth Amendment creates a right for criminal defendants who cannot pay for their own lawyers to have the state appoint attorneys on their behalf.
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The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or other election for President or Vice President, for electors for President or Vice President, or for Senator or Representative in Congress, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any State by reason of failure to pay any poll tax
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In case of the removal of the President from office or of his death or resignation, the Vice President shall become President.
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the Supreme Court's majority ruled that neither students or teachers should give up their constitutional rights to freedom of speech or expression at the schoolhouse gate.
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The right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years of age or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of age.
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A person may choose to have an abortion until a fetus becomes viable, based on the right to privacy contained in the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
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No law, varying the compensation for the services of the Senators and Representatives, shall take effect, until an election of representatives shall have intervened.
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the court held that the Constitution of the United States does not confer a right to abortion.
