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a military expedition to recapture the city of Jerusalem.
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The Seventh Crusade was a crusade led by Louis IX of France
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The Eighth Crusade was a crusade launched by Louis IX of France against the Hafsid dynasty
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English King Edward I summons the Model Parliament.
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Philip's main purpose in convening this group was to garner support against Pope Boniface
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Pope Clement V, who was heavily influenced by Philip IV of France, took up residency in Avignon,
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The Scots, led by Robert the Bruce, routed a larger force led by Edward II, King of England.
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The worst famine to strike Europe
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Swiss forces, led by the canton of Schwyz, gained a victory over Leopold
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The Hundred Years War began when Philip VI contested the English claim to Normandy and other northern provinces
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King Charles required to sign the Petition of Right
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renewed conflicts and rebellion between the Crown and Parliament
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William and Mary chosen to rule, but had to govern according to statutes of Parliament
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English Bill of Rights passed
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Sugar Act
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First direct tax on paper goods and legal documents
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British soldiers fired into crowd
5 colonists died -
Revolutionaries dumped British Tea into the harbor
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Colonists were forced to “Quarter,” or house, British troops
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First National Government
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Federalist paper Gazette of the United States published
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Power of judicial review
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"Power to tax is the power to destroy"
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Power of Fed. Govt. To regulate interstate commerce
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Court said that Scott, as an African-American and previously property, was not a citizen
Gave him no legal standing to sue -
Granted large tracts of land to states; states sold land and used money for colleges
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Ended Chinese immigration to the US
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gave Congress authority to set a federal income tax
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Ruled 2nd Amendment does not protect the right to have all types of weapons
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Upheld Fair Labor Standards Act; Commerce Clause allows Congress to regulate employment conditions
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FDR required all people of Japanese descent on the West Coast to report to "War Relocation Centers
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Upheld involuntary internment of ethnically Japanese American citizens
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Court ruled the public’s safety was more important than rights of Japanese Americans.
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Ruled segregation is illegal
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outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
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Expanded rights of people accused of crimes
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Struck down all state laws banning interracial marriage
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Protects applicants and employees of 40+ years old from discrimination based on age in hiring, promotion, discharge, compensation, privileges, etc. of employment.
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Schools couldn’t prevent students from protesting the Vietnam War
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Prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life
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ruled the 2nd Amendment protects an individual's right to keep and bear arms for self-defense
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Ruled 2nd Amendment right to bear arms includes the right to self defense
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Ruled 2nd Amendment applies to federal, state, and local governments; upheld 2nd Amendment
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ruled states must grant and recognize same-sex marriage
