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Cape Colony founded by Dutch. Over the next 100 years, Dutch expand their holdings. Natives become dependent and fall into the role of servants and slaves
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British find Cape Colony desireable and take control. Dutch live under British rule for 30 years.
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Dutch decide to leave British control. They trave linland across the Orange Rivev and meet African resistance.
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Colonies flourish under Dutch rule.
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WIth the discovery of gold and diamonds in the Dutch colonies, British prospectors enter Dutch territory and begin to stake claims. Tensions rise between Dutch and British.
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War between British (Anglos) and Boers (Dutch). British win, but both sides are devastated
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Unon of South Africa adopts a new constitution that supports the concept of racial supremacy.
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The British comine two Afrikaner republics and two British colonies in to new country called the Union of South Africa. It was a self-governing country, but part of the British empire.
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Political organization established by blacks in hopes of bettering their conditions under the new constitution. Laws continue to be pass that discriminate against and separate out blacks.
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Prevents African from owning or buying land except in "reserves" or homlelands.
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Gains control of the government. and establishes system of apartheid
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Apartheid--separation of the races--becomes official policy of the government. The population is divided into 4 racial groups (whites, coloreds, Asians, and Africans). Blacks and Coloreds had to carry passbooks at all times.
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Divides South Africa into 10 Homelands or Bantusans where black population would be forced to live. Blacks lived in townships outside the cities and separate from whites. The goal was to have each homeland eventually become an independent tribal nation. Never happens.
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Black demonstrate against pass laws--i.e. having to carry around passbooks. 69 people die and government passes harsher laws such as outlawing the ANC
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Blacks demonstrate against a regulation that made Afrikans (Afrikaner language), the language of instruction in school. Police fired on demonstrators and hundreds were killed.
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Steven Biko, leader of the Black Consciousness Movement, killed. International communty condemns the South African government.
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Nelson Mandela jailed again. Inkatha Freedom Party, led by Butheleza--a Zulu chief--is formed
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Global nations impose economic sanctions (no trade, no loans, no economic aid, no private investment). South Africa responds by ending passbooks and eliminating forced moves to homelands.
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Elected President on an anti-apartheid platform
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Announces end to all racial separation laws and proposes a new constitution that treats all races equally
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