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Throughout the colonies, teachers ranked just below religious leaders in importance. Serving as a role model brought with it many expectations. In most schools, teaching focused on basic reading, writing, simple math, and religion.
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Before the Civil War there were very few African-American slaves who were able to read and write, most who knew how to had learned in secret. Laws had been put in place banning African-Americans from getting an education due to whites fearing that it would lead to rebellion. When African-American schools were finally opened there was a low amount of funding for it.
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Puritans and what they found important
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A few universities did exist in the colonies including Harvard and William and Mary.
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The Quakers, a religious group from England that settled around Philadelphia, believed that everyone should be educated.
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An apprentice is-someone who learns a skilled trade by watching and helping an expert in that trade.
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Benjamin Franklin: Started a secondary school in Philadelphia, the school was open to anyone who could pay for it. -
Most colonists in the New England colonies (Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island) came from England. The majority of them were Puritans. This religious group believed in the importance of religious education and valued each person’s ability to read the bible. They viewed schools as a way to reach those goals and also to teach basic skills for early as 1642, Massachusetts enacted a law requiring every town to establish a school, although towns did not always follow this law
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Thomas Jefferson: introduced legislation to divide countries in Virginia into smaller districts that were responsible for education. -
Teachers- were expected to be involved, making the community a better place.
Curriculum- basics of reading, writing, and math, along with christian principles. -
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Most children were educated at home or in small school houses where one teacher taught all grades. Significant changes include the establishment of kindergartens in public school and the passing of the Morill act in 1852.
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The developer of the idea of kindergarten, Friedrich Froebel believed that children needed to learn through play while they were young. His ideas were not widely adopted in Germany but Americans were interested in the comments. Educators and parents saw the success in his methods. Before this time young children did not go to school before age seven.
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The Morrill Act gave federal land to establish colleges in every state. Land-grant colleges were made for higher education available for every American nationwide.
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Career and technical institutes prepared students for specific career paths and job opportunities. They needed these institutes to prepare students for trades that are not practiced as much but needed.
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Many teachers grew unhappy with the emphasis on standardization and wanted more freedom in the classroom. Many thought the curriculum was too standardized and students should be encouraged to think critically and independently.
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Maria Montessori was Italy's first female doctor, she focused on finding ways to help children with learning difficulties. The teaching program she developed had a significant impact on young children. The program Maria developed is now known as the Montessori method.
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Public schools faced a shortage of cash, since many citizens were unable to pay their taxes. Some school districts ceased to operate while others shortened the school year.
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These books taught basic reading skills with simple stories about a family. From the 1930’s to the 1960’s over 85 million students used these textbooks.