-
The Battle of Waterloo was a battle that took place on 18 June 1815 near Waterloo, a town in present-day Belgium about twenty kilometres south of Brussels. -
The Congress of Vienna was a meeting of European nations that set out a strategy to maintain peace and stability throughout the continent.
-
Luis XVIII de Franciafue rey de Francia y de Navarra entre 1814 y 1824, siendo el primer monarca de la restauración borbónica en Francia,
-
The Greek War of Independence of 1821, was a successful war of independence by Greek revolutionaries against the Ottoman Empire between 1821 and 1829. -
Charles X was King of France from 16 September 1824 until 2 August 1830. An uncle of the uncrowned Louis XVII and younger brother of reigning kings Louis XVI and Louis XVIII, he supported the latter in exile
-
Louis-Philippe I (6 October 1773 - 26 August 1850), nicknamed the Citizen King, was King of France from 1830 to 1848, the penultimate monarch of France and the last to hold the title ‘King’.
-
The Zollverein was the first German customs union created on 1 January 1834, eliminating tariffs between the 39 member states of the German Confederation, with the exception of Austria. -
The Austrian-Prussian War was a conflict between Austria and Prussia for dominance over the German states, resulting in Prussian victory and the exclusion of Austria from German affairs.
-
The revolutions of 1848, known in some countries as the springtime of the peoples or the springtime of nations, were a series of revolutions throughout Europe over the course of more than one year, from 1848 to 1849
-
The French Second Republic , officially the French Republic was the second republican government of France. It existed from 1848 until its dissolution in 1852.
-
Second Empire, period in France under the rule of Emperor Napoleon III (the original empire having been that of Napoleon I).
-
In the history of Spain, the "Progressive Biennium" was the two-year period from July 1854 to July 1856, during which the Progressive Party attempted to reform the political system of the reign of Isabella II, which had been dominated by the Moderate Party since 1843 in the so-called década moderada.
-
Following this rising Belgium separated from the Northern Netherlands. A provisional government declared independence on October 4th, 1830. -
The Battles of Magenta and Solferino were key victories for France and the Kingdom of Sardinia over the Austrian Empire, paving the way for Italian unification.
-
The king of the Two Sicilies was overthrown by Giuseppe Garibaldi in 1860, after which the people voted in a plebiscite to join the Kingdom of Sardinia. -
Victor Emmanuel II became King of Italy in 1861, after the successful unification of most of the Italian peninsula, becoming the first monarch of a united Italy since the 6th century.
-
The Duchy War or Second Schleswig War was a military conflict that pitted the Austrian Empire and Prussia against Denmark in 1864.
-
Wilhelm I was the first Kaiser (Emperor) of the Second German Reich, crowned after the unification of Germany, and served as a symbol of Prussian-led German strength and unity.
-
The Franco-Prussian War was a conflict between France and Prussia that ended in a decisive Prussian victory, leading to the unification of Germany and the fall of the French Empire.