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  First artificial satellite, Sputnik I, is launched by Soviet Union.
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  U.S. launches first American astronaut, Alan Shepard Jr., into space, on a 15-minute, 22-second suborbital flight.
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  President Kennedy declares the American space objective to put a man on the moon and return him safely by the end of the decade.
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  Cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova, the first woman in space, completes 48 orbits.
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  Astronauts Gus Grissom, Edward White and Roger Chaffee die when a fire sweeps the Apollo I command module during a ground test at Kennedy Space Center.
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  First manned spacecraft to orbit moon, Apollo 8, comes within 70 miles of lunar surface.
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  ,Apollo 11 astronauts Neil Armstrong and Edwin E. "Buzz" Aldrin, the first men to land on the moon.
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  Skylab I, first U.S. orbiting laboratory, launched
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  Astronaut Bruce McCandless performs man's first untethered spacewalk with a Manned Maneuvering Unit off the Challenger space shuttle.
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  Challenger shuttle explodes 73 seconds after launch, killing its crew of seven.
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  Discovery becomes first shuttle to dock with the international space station, a multinational, permanent, orbiting research laboratory.
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  An American and Russian crew begins living aboard the international space station.
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  huttle Columbia broke apart over Texas, 16 minutes before it was supposed to land in Florida.
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  Final space shuttle mission ends when Atlantis arrives at Kennedy Space Center.