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The Copernican Revolution: Planetary Astronomy in the Development of Western Thought
This is his first major published work. He examines the revolution brought on by the work of Copernicus. In this he shows what must be done for a new theory to be accepted in science, and how it can become accepted by society and change the general views of the world. Link text -
The Function of Measurement in Modern Physical Science
As the title would indicate, this writing was about measurements and what they did. He explained in this that good measurements do not just prove or disprove a theory. A good set of measurements should be the primer for follow up questions as well. Link text -
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
This is not only his most famous work but it is also one of the most influential writing of the philosophy of science ever. This is the writing on we hich he introduced the paradigm shift and the 4 stages of science. It starts out on prescience with no paradigm, then goes to a normal science phase when a paradigm is developed. The panic science stage is next when too many problems that cant be answered develope. Finally is the scientific revolution or paradigm shift. -
The Essential Tension: Selected Studies in Scientific Tradition and Change
Structure made such an impact that explaining and defending it seemed to consume most of the rest of his career. This is a collection of his writings from both the developmental period of Structure and from the period after where he was answering critics and explaining his theories in Structure. Link text