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Mussolini takes over Italy's Government
At first nothing guaranteed Italy's loyalty to Mussolini. That's why is was very important to begin a good relationship with the Catholic Church. It took a long time for him to even be considered a dictator. He became Italy's Prime Minister in 1922.
References: more info
Corrales, Cristina et al. 'Interwar Period And The II World War(1919-1945)'. 4esohistoryclass.blogspot.com. N.p., 2012. Web. 9 Feb. 2015. -
Beer Hall Putsch
This was Hitler's mission to overthrow the Weimar government of Ebert. He wanted to establish a different party instead.
References: more info History 12; Chris Kaumeyer,. 'The Beer Hall Putsch (Munich Putsch) And Mein Kampf'. N.p., 2015. Web. 9 Feb. 2015. -
Kellogg-Briand Pact
It was an agreement to outlaw war. It is sometimes called the Pact of Paris because it was signed in Paris. It had little effect on preventing WWII.
References:more infoEncyclopedia Britannica,. 'Kellogg-Briand Pact | France-United States [1928]'. N.p., 2015. Web. 9 Feb. 2015. -
U.S. Stock Market Crash
This became known as Black Tuesday. Investors traded about 16 million shares on the New York Stock Exchange in one day. There were billions of dollars lost. This started the Great Depression.
References:more info Coleman, Loren. 'Twilight Language: Stock Market Suicides?'. Copycateffect.blogspot.com. N.p., 2008. Web. 9 Feb. 2015. -
Japan Invades Manchuria
Japan did this without declaration of a war. Japan had a great industry but not many natural resources. Manchuria turned to the League of Nations to try to get Japan out of China. League of Nations had little effect on Japan.
References: more infoWSJ,. 'Troubled Neighborhood'. N.p., 2015. Web. 12 Feb. 2015. -
Hitler becomes Germany's Chancellor
Communist and Nazi parties gained more popularity. The less popular parties were being blamed for Germany's issues. The Nazi party won 37% of the votes in the 1932 election. Then Hitler demanded to be Chancellor.
References:more infoShmoop,. 'World War II Timeline Of Important Dates'. N.p., 2015. Web. 12 Feb. 2015. -
Japan Withdraws from the League of Nations
The League of Nations Assembly blamed Japan for the invasion of Manchuria. Yosuke Matsuok left the hall saying "We are not coming back," that was their formal resignation.
References:more info Mtholyoke.edu,. 'Untitled Document'. N.p., 2015. Web. 12 Feb. 2015. -
Nazi's reach a political majority in Germany
As soon as he became the leader, Germany became a dictatorship. When Hitler became chancellor, Germany was mainly a coalition government. By about 3 months later he had became more powerful than former politions.
References:More info
resources"Timeline of the Holocaust." The Prisons That Took a Part of Us. Accessed February 17, 2015. -
The night of the long knives (Rohm Purge)
This night Hitler's goal was to kill other political enemies. He was out to kill president Paul von Hindenburg and Vice- Chancellor Franz von Papen.
References:More info"Ukraine; Night of the Long Knives Again?" Northwest Research. Accessed February 17, 2015. -
Hitler openly announces to his cabinet he will defy the Treaty of Versailles
Hitler called a Cabinet meeting and also assembled Army's General Staff, thats when he announced that he will defy the Treaty of Versailles. Nobody objected to it. After that Nazi legal officials started making laws.
References: more info Historyplace.com,. 'The History Place - Triumph Of Hitler: Nazis March Into The Rhineland'. N.p., 2015. W -
Creation of the Nuremberg Laws
Two laws were created called "the Reich Citizenship Law" and "the Law to Protect German Blood and Honor". They became known as thte Nuremberg Laws. They took German citizenship away from Jews and outlawed marriage and sex between Jews and non-Jews.
References:more info"The Nuremberg Laws Explanation Chart." German WWII Poster. Accessed February 17, 2015. -
Italy invades Ethiopia
Mussolini (leader of Italy) took Hitler's plan to expand German territories he then invaded Ethiopia. Italy wanted to do this to boost their national prestige.
References:More info"EthiopiaSpeech." EthiopiaSpeech. Accessed February 17, 2015. -
Hitler Militarizes the Rhineland
Hitler violates the Treaty of Versailles and the Locarnon Pact by sending his army to the Rhineland. In 1936 Hilter started remilitarizing the Rhineland. Two years later they invaded Poland which helped start WWII.
References: More info
""The Rhineland Pendant" 1936 5 ReichsMark Silver Pendant." » A Social Networking Site for People of European Descent. Accessed February 17, 2015. -
First Anti-Semitic Law is passed in Germany
Within the first 6 years of Hilter being the dictator of Germany, he put over 400 regulations on Jews. The first legislation that passed basically permitted Jews from participating in German everyday life. One of the next ones said they can't work for the state.
References: more info
"The Development of Anti-Jewish Laws." - The Holocaust Explained Website. Accessed February 17, 2015. -
Rape of Nanking
Then in 1937 Japan and China fought in Peking. Soon after that Peking and surrounding cities were under Japan's control. Japanese stormed into the town of Nanking and innocent people were getting shot adn bayoneted. By the end 40,000 lives were lost
References: more info""Revisionist" History and the Rape of Nanking 1937." Padre Steves WorldMusings of a Passionately Progressive Moderate. December 17, 2009. Accessed February 17, 2015. -
Germany Annexes Austria
This was the 2nd time in 4 years that Austrian Nazis tried to unite Austria with Germany. On March 12,1938 Austria officially was a part of Nazi Germant until the end of WWII.
References: more info"Austria." United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. June 20, 2014. Accessed February 17, 2015. -
Munich Conference
This conference handed Czechoslovakia over to Germany in peace. The agreement was supposed to only give Hitler Sudentenland where 3 million Germans lived. But he also got 66% of their coal, 70% of its electrical power, and 70% of its iron and steel.
References:more info
Mstartzman.pbworks.com,. 'Mstartzman / Munich Conference (First)'. N.p., 2015. Web. 6 Mar. 2015. -
Hitler demands the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia
In March 1938 Hitler had taken over Austria with no trouble. After that he looked toward Sudeten area in Czechoslovakia because they were German-speaking. After he tookover Sudetenland he wanted the rest of Czechoslovakia.
References: more info
" ." Sudetenland. Accessed February 17, 2015. -
Kristallnacht
Within one day Nazis killed 100 Jews by torching synagogues, vandalizing Jewish schools, businesses, and homes. Right after this about 30,000 Jewish men were sent to Nazi concentration camps.
References: More info"INJUSTICE: 75 Years since Kristallnacht, Nazis Still Roam Free." Landmark Report RSS. Accessed February 17, 2015. -
Einstein’s letter to FDR, “The Manhattan Project”
Leo Szilard was interested in atomic bombs and he thought Germany could use them if they tried to make them. So he got his friend Albert Einstein to right the president a letter. Einstein wasn't in favor of using atomic energy to make the bomb but he wrote the letter anyw
References: More info"Einstein's Letter to President Roosevelt, Page 2." AwesomeStories.com. Accessed February 17, 2015. -
Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact
Hitler and Stalin signed a non-aggression pact that defined the seperate areas that Germany and Russia would have after invading Poland.
References: More info"Embassy of the United States Tallinn, Estonia." Speeches and Articles. Accessed February 17, 2015. -
Nazi invasion of Poland
In early morning, 1.5 million German soldiers invade poland along the border of German- controlled territory. Britain and France didn't like that Hitler did this so they declared war with Germany on Sep. 3 which started WWII.
References: More info"Fold3." Nazi Invasion of Poland.jpg. Accessed February 17, 2015. -
Evacuation of Dunkirk
British, French, and Belgian forces defended Dunkirk while Germany attacked. On May 24 Hitler ordered all his tanks to stop where they were. Then ships set out to rescue Dunkirk and all the troops.
References: more info"Rania - A Dunkirk Little Ship." Rania - A Dunkirk Little Ship. Accessed February 17, 2015. -
France Surrenders
Henri Petain becomes prime minister and he decides to surrender. He was expected to make his country confident and happy but instead he signed an armitice with the Nazis. After the Normandy invasion Petain had to go into hiding in Germany. Eventually he was captured.
References: more info"Fold3." France Surrenders to Germany.jpg. Accessed February 17, 2015. -
Battle of Britain
German and British forces started fighting in the air over the United Kingdom. The battle ended when Germany's Luftwaffe failed to gain air. By Britain winning that saved the country from a ground invasion.
References: more infoBBC News. Accessed February 17, 2015. -
The tripartite Pact
The Axis powers are Germany, Italy, and Japan and they became allies in signing of the Tripartite Pact. It provided mutual assistance if any nation that wasn't in the war attacked one of the countries that signed the pact. It made the neutral Americans think before joining the allies.
References: more info"Fold3." Tripartite Pact.jpg. Accessed February 17, 2015. -
Lend Lease Act
The main reason of this act was to provide the US military aid to other nations during the war. It gave the US permisssion to lend weapons to other countries if they wanted to. It let the US offer help in the war without being fully commited to being in the war.
References:more info"Lend-Lease Act." Milestone Documents RSS. Accessed February 17, 2015. -
Operation Barbarossa
Hitler sent his armies to invade the Soviet Union. There were 3 million German soldiers, 150 divisions, and 3 thousand tanks that attacked the soviet union. Germany's army was the best but they lost this war. This was a big turning point in the war.
References: more info"Operation Barbarossa | European History." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Accessed February 17, 2015. -
Bombing of Pearl Harbor
Hundreds of Japanese planes attacked Peal Harbor in Hawaii. It lasted 2 hours, they destroyed 20 American naval vessels, 200 airplanes, and 8 battleships. About 2,000 American soldiers were killed. The day after America declared war on Japan.
References: more info"The Bombing of Pearl Harbor." THE PEARL HARBOR DECEPTION. Accessed February 17, 2015. -
Creation of the United Nations
Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill issued a declaration signed by the representatives of 26 countries called the United Nations. They vowed to keep peace with each other.
References:more info"The Myth of the U.N. Creation of Israel, by Jeremy R. Hammond." Voltaire Network. Accessed February 17, 2015. -
The Wannsee Conference and the “Final Solution”
This conference was to discuss "Final Solution".The "Final Solution" was the code name that meant the Nazis were planning on killing all of the Jews. They planned ways for killing them. This conference wasn't the beginning of the "Final Solution", it was just a revealing to the non- Nazi leaders.
References:more info"Wannsee Conference | Germany [1942]." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Accessed February 17, 2015. -
Bataan Death March
After the US surrendered the Bataan Peninsula to Japan, about 75,000 American and Filipino troops on Bataan were fored to make a 65 mile march to prison camps. They marched through very high temperatures and Japanese guards treated them terribly bad. Thousands of these troops died.
References: more info"Oldest Survivor of Bataan Death March Dies at 105." NY Daily News. Accessed February 17, 2015. -
Doolittle Raid
James H. Doolittle presented a plan that would send B-25 bombers in aircrafts to attack Japan. This plan included weeks of training for the troops. The bombers targeted Tokyo, Nagoya, Osaka, and kobe. The Japanese were humiliated that the Americans could succeed at this.
References: More info"Course to Midway - Captain Thomas H. Dryer USN." Course to Midway - Captain Thomas H. Dryer USN. Accessed February 17, 2015. -
Battle of Midway
The Japanese were prepared for the US to attack them because Japan attacked Pearl Harbor. The US cracked the Japanese's codes and figured out their plans if the US did attack. This was a US victory and it was an important turning point in the Pacific campaign.
References: more info"Smart Data: Business Lessons from the Battle of Midway | Superhype." Superhype RSS. Accessed February 17, 2015. -
Battle of Stalingrad
It was a sucessful battle for the Soviets. A lot of historians consider this the greatest battle of the whole war. It was one of the bloodiest battles in history. About 2 million people total died in this battle.
References: more info"Battle of Stalingrad | World War II." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Accessed February 17, 2015. -
Operation Torch
This was the first time the British and Americans worked together on an invasion plan together. The plan was to invade Sicily then to Italy then to the "soft underbelly" of Europe. General Eisenhower was the commander of Operation Torch.
References: more info"Operation Torch." Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias. Accessed February 17, 2015. -
Island Hopping (date for Buna-Gona Campaign)
The US launched a counter-offensive strick called "Island-hopping". They wanted to capture key islands until Japan was within range of American bombers. In the end the Japanese surrended to the US.
References:more info"Jungle Warfare." Jungle Warfare. Accessed February 17, 2015. -
Operation Overlord and D-Day
The name of this battle was the Battle of Normandy but it was codenamed "Operation Overlord". June 6 was also known as D-Day, when 156,000 American, British and Canadian forces landed on 5 beaches along the coast of France's Normandy region. By August all of northern France had been liberated and by that spring the Allies defeated the Germans.Referencesmore info
"Pictures of D-Day." , Operation Overlord. Accessed February 17, 2015. -
Operation Valkyrie
This was a plan to assassinate Hitler but Hitler approved of this plan. If there was a breakdown of communication between Hitler and the High Command in Germany than Germany would be passed down to the Reserve (Home) Army.
References: more info"Thread: Werewolf LXIX: Operation Valkyrie." Paradox Interactive Forums RSS. Accessed February 17, 2015. -
Discovery of Majdanek
Majdanek was an extermination camp located in Lublin. This was the first camp that was liberated by the Allies. The Nazis anticipated that the Allies were coming so they evacuated 15,000 prisoners.
References:more infoAllan Hall In Berlin for MailOnline. "Fury at Plan for New Crematorium next to the Gas Chambers and Ovens of Nazi Death Camp Where 80,000 Died." Mail Online. September 5, 2012. Accessed February 17, 2015. -
Battle of the Bulge
Hitler wanted to catch the Allies off guard by surprise attacking the Ardennes through Antwerp. American armies fought many battles against the Germans. As the Germans went deeper into the Ardennes, the Allied line started to look like a huge bulge. That's how the battle got its name.
References: more info"Our Battle of the Bulge." Patriot Action Network. November 11, 2014. Accessed February 17, 2015. -
V-E Day
The name for this day was Victory in Europe Day. It was a day of celebrating that the war was over. The last event was a broadcast to the nation by George V
References: more info
"V-E Day and V-J Day: The End of World War II in Toronto, 1945 - Web Exhibits - What's Online | City of Toronto." V-E Day and V-J Day: The End of World War II in Toronto, 1945 - Web Exhibits - What's Online | City of Toronto. Accessed February 17, 2015. -
Hitler’s Suicide
Hitler and his wife consumed a cyanide capsule then shot himself in an air-raid shelter. He commited suicide becuase the Russians were close to overtaking the chancellery. They were both cremated.
References: more info"ADOLF HITLER DEAD IN BERLIN!" Rare WWII Newspaper. Accessed February 17, 2015. -
Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
An American B-29 bomber dropped the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima. This killed 80,000 people and later tens of thousands died later of radiation exposure. Three days later another bomb was dropped on Nagasaki killing 40,000 people.
References:more info"A Photo-Essay on the Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki." A Photo-Essay on the Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Accessed February 17, 2015. -
V-J Day
The official name was Victoryover Japan Day. On this day it was announced that Japan surrendered to the Allies.
References:more info"Skylighters, The Web Site of the 225th AAA Searchlight Battalion: The V-J Day Page." Skylighters, The Web Site of the 225th AAA Searchlight Battalion: The V-J Day Page. Accessed February 17, 2015. -
The Nuremberg Trials
They were a series of 13 trials and their purpose were to bring the Nazi war criminals to justice. It included Nazi Party Officials and high ranking military officiers.
References:more infoPBS. Accessed February 17, 2015. -
The beginning of the Cold War
The Cold War was between the USA and the USSR after WWII. They both had different beliefs on what type of government countries should have. The US and the USSR did not trust each other anymore. The USSR had a huge army but the US had the atomic bomb.
References: More info"Cold War." MastromauroWH -. Accessed February 17, 2015. -
The Japanese War Crime Trials
In Tokyo, Japan, the International Military Tribunals began hearing the case against 28 military and government officials that were accused of committing war crimes. The trial ended with 25 of those 28 people being foumd guilty. Two of the other three died and the other one was declared insane.
References:more info"Explore Resources." About Japan: A Teacher's Resource. Accessed February 17, 2015.
