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3500–3000 B.C.E. - The first known civilization in southern Mesopotamia. Developed the earliest writing system, cites, and organized states.
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3400–3200 B.C.E. - It was an African civilization that traded with Egypt and had its own cultural and political systems.
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3100 B.C.E. - Ancient Egypt developed a centralized government under pharaohs and became known for its monumental architecture, including the construction of pyramids.
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3000–1800 B.C.E. - Coastal civilization with 25 urban centers. Had no writing or grain agriculture, but used fishing and traded cotton.
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3000–1700 B.C.E. - It featured advanced city planning, uniform architecture, and an undeciphered written script. However, there were no clear rulers or temples found.
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2200–1700 B.C.E. - The Oxus civilization was a lesser-known society. It had fortified cities and an aristocratic social structure. It did not develop a writing system, but they traded with different parts or Europe and Asia.
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2200 B.C.E. - The first dynasties in China. They used oracle bones for divination, developed advanced bronze technology, and believed that the ruler was the “Son of Heaven."
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1500 B.C.E. - Egypt expands into Africa and the Middle East, using chariot warfare and establishing diplomatic relations with other empires.
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1200–400 B.C.E. - The first known civilization in Mesoamerica. It was known for giant stone heads and the earliest writing system in the Americas.
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1200 B.C.E. - A separate urban culture from Shang China, with impressive bronze artifacts and religious objects.