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Period: to
progressive era
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Eugene Debs
Eugen Debs was a member of the ARU and during the year of 1894 over 150,000 people had joined. During a convetion in June, the organization decided to boycott all of the rail lines using Pullman Carsin support of striking Pullman workers . This action became the largest boycott in the nation. Because of inforcement the strike ended and debs wsa put in jail. But, becasue of his actions he was know as one of the biggest progressive leaders.
Source:http://www.kansasheritage.org/pullman/debs.html -
William Jennings Bryan
Ran for president in 1896. He brought a new tactic to promoting his presidential run. He traveled around the country to hotels, and railroad cars promoting his run for president and trying to secure a win for the democratic party. Bryan's actions were supportive to the progressive era because it was the reforming the old traditions of the canadites staying at home and having someone else speak for them.
Source:http://projects.vassar.edu/1896/bryan.html -
Robert La Follette
La Follette emerged early in the progressive movement as one of its most energenic leaders. He was elected governor in th 1900's. He came up with the Wisconsin idea wich provided a model for reforming local and state government and regulating buissness.
Source: textbook -
Charles Evans Hughes
Hughes was an important leader of the progressive movement of the 1900s, a leading diplomat and New York lawyer. He was a successful lawyer who won many cases and he later became the Governor of New York. The progressive party supported him as governor because he was a great leader in reform.
Source:http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Charles_Evans_Hughes -
Public Service Reform
In 1901 Lawerence Veiller campaigned tirelessly to improve housing. He succeeded in getting the New York State Tenement House bill passed. The law banned construction of dark and airless tenemnets. New buildings had to be constructed around an open courtyard that would let light and air in. Progressive reformers were convinced that as citizens they were responsible for the well being of their communities and Lawerence Veiller did take responsibility.
Source: Textbook -
Social Reform
Reformers believed that prohibition and the elimination of saloons wouls have several benefits. These progressives beleived that the reform would lessen social problems with unemployment, crime and the break up of families. The Anti- Saloon league was founded and they sent speakers out around the country to speak about the dangers of alcohol consumption. The progressive parties believed that a better life would be made with the elimination of this substance.
Source: textbook -
Jane Addams
Jane Addams began the settlement - house movement in order to provide college educated woman like herself an opportunity to "learn of life from life itself." Jane Addams settlement house advanced and became a model for social reforms in child labor, health care, urban renemwal, and public education.
Source: textbook -
Ray Stannard Baker
Only a few progressives tried to improve racial justuce. One was Ray Baker, he was also a muckraker. He traveled around the nation studying the predicament the African Americans were still in. He found that African Americans were segregated, robbed of their right to vote, and disgriminated agianst and worst of it was that lynchings still took place. He wrote a book to try and promote change and reform for the Afican Americans. The book was called Following the Color Line.
Source: Textbook -
National Child Labor Committee
In 1904, Flource Kelley helped organize the National Child Labor Committee. This then helped persuade state legislatures to pass laws against employing young childern. By 1912 the committee had helped 39 states pass child labor laws. This was a huge reform during this time that had a great signifigance to all of the working childern. All of the progressive intellectuals supported this movement because the topic of child labor was very controversal at this time period.
Source: textbook -
Freedom of Contract
In 1905, in the Louchner V. New York case the court overturned the New York law limiting bakers' workday to 10 hours, declaring that the law robbed workers of their "liberty of contract". This case was supported by the progressive party because it created an improvement in not only labor reform but also health reform fo the workers.
Source: textbook -
Upton Sinclair
Upton Sinclair published the Jungle, a novel about the meat-packing industry. This novel's main purpose was to alert the public of what he saw as consequences of capitalist greed. The images were so revolting that Americans began to demand that there should be issued federal laws prohibiting unhealthful conditions in the food processing industry. Upton contributed to starting the progressive era by demanding change in the food industry.
Source:textbook -
H.G. Wells
H. G. Wells publishes The Future in America in 1906. His book explains how the problems and ways of life at that time are going to cause consequences down the road. He describes the answer of what the future for the U.S, will be like in his own opinion. The progressive party supports his book because it motivates reform.
Source:http://www.progressiveliving.org/history/timeline/progressive_era/progressive_era_timeline.htm -
Clothes reform
Clothes began to change and in the 1890's the first clothing made in factories appeared. Women also changed and were allowing themselves to be more exposed in social settings. They were not going to be submissive anymore and the progressive party supported their demand for change. In 1907, Annette Kellermanis arrested for wearing "shocking"attire on a Boston beach, a bathing suit.
Source:textbook -
Hiram Johnson
Hiram Johnson was governor of California. The Lincoln-Roosevelt League asked Hiram Johnson to run as the reform candidate for Governor. Johnson reluctantly accepted. When he was in office it was significant because he was to use the direct primary system. This was accepted by progressives because he was reforming government.
Source:http://governors.library.ca.gov/23-HJohnson.html -
William Taft
William Taft lost the progressive support when he sighned the Payne-Alderich Tariff. Some congress members wanted high tariffs to protect American industry. Taft could have vetoed it but he didn't and the progressive party thought that by agreeing he was going against the reform cause.
Sorce:textbook -
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
In 1909 the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People was founded by Du Bois and Jane Addams. The NAACP publicized cases of races inequality and called for social reforms that would ensure equal rights for African Americans. This organization also worked through the courts to end restrictions on voting and other civil rights. Few progressers fought for African American's rights during this time but Addams and Bois made a significant reform for them.
Source: textbook -
Herbert Croly
Political theorist Herbert Croly was a progressive intlectual who proposed a solution through his book, the Promise of American Life. He praised Alexander Hamilton's point of a stong central government but Croly also directed change to all citizens and not just the buisness class like Hamiliton had. Croly said that the government should promote welfare to all citizens by expaniding opportunities.
Source: textbook -
Corrupt Practices Reform
As another step to becoming more democratic the progeressives reformed the voting process by eliminating colored ballots. With the secret ballot people could cast their ballot without everyone else knowing their party perefernce.
Source: textbook -
Society of American Indians
In 1911 a group of 50 Native Americans, most of them middle -class professional men and women, formed the society of American Indians. They created this organization to address the problems facing Native Americans. They discussed ways to improve Indian health, education, civil rights and local government. Their actions were exaclty similar to those of the white progressers during this time. They had the same goals but some members got into dissputes which lead to problems.
Source: textbook -
Teddy Roosevelt
Teddy Roosevelt was unsuccessful and didn't win the Republican presidential nomination from Taft. Therefore Roosevelt formed the progressive party.He formed it because his supporters were mad when Taft won so they held their own convention. The supporters then adopted a platform based on the New Nationalism and nominated Roosevelt as their presidental candidate.
Source: textbook -
Massachusetts and the first minimum wage law
In response to progressive agitation, Ma passed the nation's first minimum-wage law. They set base wages for women and childern. Other states began to follow suit with Massachusetts. But it wan't until 1938 that the nation passed a minimum - wage law for all workers.
Source: textbook -
Woodrow Wilson
Wilson was the governor of New Jersey who ran for presidency. He was asking for tariff reduction, banking reform, laws benefititing wage earners and farmers. Wilson was the presidential choice of progressives in the Democratic party. In the 1912 campaign, Wilson was popular for his program New Freedom. New Freedom called for a revival of small buisness and a return to an America where the "little guy" was free from the control of big buisness and government. -
Sixteenth Amendement
This amendement authorized a national tax based on an American citizen's individual income. The progressive party supported this and had for a long time. They thought that this tax was a way to fund needed government programs in a fair manner.
Source:Textbook -
Seventeenth Amendment
The Senate of the United States will be made up of two Senators from each state. The Senators will be elected by the people of that individual state and will have six years in office. Also, each senator will have their own vote. This amendment insured that the people would be electing the senators and not the state legislature. This action was a significant part in the progressive era because people were being allowed a say i government.
Source: textbook -
Buisness Reform
After Wilson had achieved important tariff and banking reforms he turned to buisness regulation. He wanted to limit the power of monopolies which he thought of as a great threat to small buisnesses. He passed the Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914. This act r clearly stated what corporations could not do.This reform was approved by progressives because it allowed the citizens in the buisnesses to have more resopnsibility instead of one overpowering corporation,
Source: textbook -
Jeannette Rankin
Montana representative Jeannette Rankin was the first women elected to Congress. This action was very impressed by all progressives on how all of thier demands for reforms were finally paying off. The progressive party spent hours working on reforms for women to have equal say in government and it showed that change could happen with Jeannette.
Source: textbook -
Madison Grant
In 1916 Madison Grant published a book called The Passing of the Great Race. The book expressed terrible racist opinions about African Americans, Jews, and immigrants from southern and Eastern Europe. Grant was also a progressive who supported urban planning and other reforms. Lots of progressives feared cultural diversity in America. They believe that the immigrants need to be "Americanized" as quickly as possible.Americanizing denied the value of the immigrants own culture,
Source: textbook -
Labor Reform
In the progressive era many reforms were made for the working people. One was the Keating -Own Child Labor Act. This act outlawed the interstate sale of products produced by child labor. Then there was the Compensation Act which provided benefits to federal workers injured on the job. Also, the Adamon Act, that reduced the workday for railroad workers from 10 to 8 hours with no cut in pay. Lastly, there was the Federal Farm Loan Act that provided low interest loans to farmers.
Source: Textbook -
Eighteenth Amendment
This amendment was very difficult to pass and was repealed in 1933. It stated that no alcoholoc beverages could be sold, imported, or manufactured. Progressive supporters agreed with this amendment because it reinforced reform for the U.S.
Source: Textbook -
Nineteenth Amendement
This amendement was very important to this time. it says that the right of citizens of the U.S to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the U.S or any state on account of sex. This ment huge reform for women. They finally were recieving a voice and the progressive party supported it.
Source: Textbook
