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The oldest sword known to man was made in ~3300 BC, with copper/tin and copper/arsenic alloys. No source
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Bronze Age swords found in the Black Sea area and the Aegean, as an advancement to the dagger. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Age_sword
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~500 BC. Romans have begun a tradition of gladiator fighting and made a short sword called the Gladius, perfect for close quarters, one on one combat. No source
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Around 300 BC, a Templar's favorite weapon was a long sword, used mostly for stabbing at medium range. https://prezi.com/phq4oh98fdxl/weapons-of-medieval-times-500-300bc/
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A commonly used weapon was the Shortsword, used for close range hack and slash combat. https://prezi.com/phq4oh98fdxl/weapons-of-medieval-times-500-300bc/
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A common Roman sidearm was the pugio, a small dagger usually about a foot long. Some that exist today still bear the names of long forgotten soldiers. https://www.1stdibs.com/furniture/folk-art/antiquities/rare-ancient-roman-pugio-dagger-50-ad/id-f_3315682/
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In the early Middle Ages, Vikings made very detailed and ornamented swords. They were amazing fighters as well! Image depicts the Sæbø, a runic sword found in the 9th century. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viking_sword
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In the late 1300's to 1500's, both thrusting/stabbing swords and slashing swords were used, mostly stabbing swords in Britain and slashing swords in Japan. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knightly_sword
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At the same time as Britain and the Templars being the kings of thrusting swords, Japan was in their Kotō era of swordmaking, or older weapons from 800-1600. They made katanas and tachi. Tachi have the signature, or mei, showing outwards when the sword is worn, and they are generally lighter, more curved, and taper to a sharper point. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachi
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No, the signature Assassin's Creed daggers aren't real, but if they were they would be great tools for assassins to use! No source
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The French were masters of making sabres, or very light and thin swords usually with very decorated hilts made for one handed fighting. Most sabres are quite elegant and beautiful weapons. http://www.militaryheritage.com/swords1.htm
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Swords today are usually used for either ceremonial purposes, martial arts training, or for things such as preparing for a zombie apocalypse.
