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This amendment protects the right to keep and bear arms.
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Ensures the freedoms of speech, petition, assembly, religion, and press.
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Ensures that troops cannot be quartered in your house, even if in war, meaning the government cannot force you to house soldiers.
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This protects against unreasonable searches and seizures, meaning a police officer cannot search your house if he thinks you look weird.
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This amendment guarantees a trial by jury and "due process of law" (fair treatment). It also guards against double jeopardy(being charged twice for the same crime if found innocent the first time) and self incrimination.
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It gives you a right to a speedy and public trial by jury, call witnesses to your defense, have an attorney, and to be informed of charges against you.
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The seventh layouts the rules of common law. This basically means you have the right to a jury when it is a civil case. This is a case between two people and not between one person and the government.
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Protects against cruel and unusual punishments, such as excessively high bail or excessive fines.
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The ninth amendment protects your rights that are not stated in the Constitution. It states that the rights in the Constitution cannot infringe upon those rights not stated.
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The tenth limits the federal government by stating that any powers not directly stated in the Constitutuion are left up to the states, or the people.