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Brezhniv was the General Secretary of the Soviet Communist party. He led the involvment of Soviet politics in Afghanistan. He held power over Soviet politics from 1952 to his death in 1982.
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Karmel was the General Secretary of the Central Commitee of the People's Democratic Party and President of Afganistan. He believed in Marxism, a political belief that the class system is corrupt. Karmel was backed by the Soviets. He was the founding member of the PDPA (People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan), and served as its secretary general
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From 1980-92, the US spent $20 billion on funding The Mujahideen and Operation Cyclone.
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Operation Cyclone was a CIA assignment to supply weapons and equiptment to the Mujahideen Alliance during the Afghan civil war to bring down the Afghan Democratic Party and the Soviets,
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See: The Formation of the Mujahideen Alliance
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The Mujahideen Alliance was arguable formed either in late 1981 or early 1985 by the Seven Afghan Muslim party. They fought the Soviets and The Democratic Afghan Party in Guerilla warfare.
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Najibullah was a communist, People's Democratic Party leader. His rule began at the end of Soviet control but he still had Soviet support.
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The Geneva accords were a peace treaty signed by the US and The Soviet Union to end the 9 year occupancy of Afghanistan by the Soviets.
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The Soviet Union ended its aid to Afghanistan. The Afghanistanian millitary fell immediatly and the Mujahideen continued to rebel.
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The Afghan civil war took place after the fall of the People Democratic Party and the rise of Mujahideen power in Kabul. The withdrawal of Soviet money crashed the Afghan military and weakened Government control of the already powerful rebel groups.
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see: The Start of Civil War
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President Mohammed Najibullah was thrown from power by the Mujahideen rebels partially due to the fallen military of the Soviet withdrawal.
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The end of the civil war took place when the Taliban seized Kabul. The Taliban group derived from the Mujahideen rebels when the civil war took place.
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• The September 11 attacks were a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks by the Islamic terrorist group al-Qaeda on the United States . On Semptember 11, 1991, the World Trade centers in NYC were attacked killing thousands of innocent victims. This attack was the start of the US war on Afghanistan and Taliban leaders. The most famous leader was Osama bin Laden and the previously US supported group, the Mujahideen. Al-Qaeda's leader, Osama bin Laden, initially denied any involvement.
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The invasion of Afghanistan by the US was supported by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, a group that includes the US, Canada and many European Nations. The goal was to remove the Taliban from power and to dismantle Al Queda.
