Special Education Law Timeline

  • PARC v. Pennsylvania

    PARC v. Pennsylvania

    The court ruled that students with intellectual disabilities have the right to a free public education.
  • Mills v. Board of Education

    Mills v. Board of Education

    Required Washington, D.C. schools to provide a free and appropriate education to all children with disabilities regardless of the price
  • Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act

    Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act

    The first federal civil rights law protecting students with disabilities from discrimination in schools receiving federal funding.
  • Education for All Handicapped Children Act (P.L. 94-142)

    Education for All Handicapped Children Act (P.L. 94-142)

    This law guaranteed free appropriate public education (FAPE), Individualized Education Programs (IEPs), and placement in the least restrictive environment (LRE).
  • Education of the Handicapped Act Amendments (P.L. 99-457)

    Education of the Handicapped Act Amendments (P.L. 99-457)

    Expanded services to preschool children, around ages 3–5, and created early intervention programs for infants and toddlers with disabilities.
  • Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

    Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

    Renamed P.L. 94-142, added autism and traumatic brain injury as categories, and required transition services for life after high school.
  • IDEA Reauthorization

    IDEA Reauthorization

    Strengthened the role of parents, emphasized access to the general education curriculum, and required students with disabilities to participate in statewide testing.
  • IDEA Reauthorization

    IDEA Reauthorization

    Aligned with No Child Left Behind, promoted research-based instruction, early intervention, and progress monitoring.
  • American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) IDEA Funding

    American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) IDEA Funding

    Provided over $12 billion in extra funding for IDEA programs to support services for students with disabilities.
  • Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA)

    Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA)

    Replaced NCLB while maintaining key protections for students with disabilities, ensuring accountability and access to quality education.