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The telescope is invented
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Galileo Makes first astronomical telescope
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First Viewing of craters on moon
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Issac Newton makes the first reflecting telescope
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Andre Bing Patents the multi stage rocket
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First Artificial Satelite, Launched By USSR, It was Sputnik 1
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First signals from space, USSR, Sputnik 1
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First animal in orbit, the dog Laika, USSR, Sputnik 2
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First Detection of solar wind, USSR, Luna 1
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19 August 1960, First Plants and animals return alive from Earth orbit, USSR, Sputnik 5
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First Reusable manned spacecraft (orbital), USA (NASA), STS-1
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First Venus soil samples & sound recording of another world, USSR, Venera 13
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First spacecraft beyond the orbit of Neptune (first spacecraft to pass beyond all Solar System planets), USA (NASA), Pioneer 10
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First sample return from asteroid (25143 Itokawa), Japan (JAXA), Hayabusa
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First manmade probe to land on a comet (67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko), ESA, Philae lander, carried by the Rosetta probe, as part of the ESA Horizon 2000 cornerstone missions