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Atlantic
The Battle of the Atlantic is a battle between the Allied and German forces for control of the Atlantic. The Allied forces need to maintain an important movement of personnel and materials between North America and Europe in order to fight there, and Germany wants to cut off these supply lines.
It has 50-60 supply ships escorting it and 3-4 frigates
Merchant ships were the main targets of the German U-boats
convoyed 25,000 ships to Britain
greatest Canadian contribution in WW 2 -
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Britan
Battle of Britain, during World War II, the successful defense of Great Britain against unremitting and destructive air raids conducted by the German air force from July through September 1940, after the fall of France.The ROYAL Air Force (RAF)lost nearly half of its planes and pilots but still struggled to win -
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Hong Kong
The Battle of Hong Kong was one of the first battles of the Pacific War in World War II. On the same morning as the attack on Pearl Harbor, forces of the Empire of Japan attacked the British Crown colony of Hong Kong.Aftermath. The fighting in Hong Kong ended with immense Canadian casualties: 290 killed and 493 wounded. The death toll and hardship did not end with surrender. Even before the battle had officially ended, Canadians would endure great hardships at the hands of their Japanese captors -
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Air war
1000 bomber raid Cologne, Germany, 60% of Hamburg, Germany destroyed → 80,000 civilians killed.
Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF)in 1939 small but in 1945 is 4th largest . -
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Dieppe
Dieppe Raid was an Allied amphibious attack on the German-occupied port of Dieppe, northern France in the Second World War -
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Italy
July 10, 1943 DE Sicily, Italy, under the command of the First Canadian Division. The first day 60 casualties but 650 enemy prisoners. 30 days - All goals achieved
The battle of Ortona (20 solstice 28 December 1943) was a battle between two German elite battalions of the German first parachute division and Canadian forces of the Canadian first infantry division
And “mouse-holing”is the blast holes between building attic walls -
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D-Day
June 6, 1944 → Normandy, France
1.25 million USA troops
1.25 million British / Commonwealth troops
4000 landing craft / 700 war ships / 11,000 planes
60 German Divisions → Gen. Rommel Juno Beach
30,000 Canadians → largest WW 2 operation
14,000 soldiers / 10,000 sailors / 36 Bomber Squadrons
335 dead / 739 casualties
only Allied force to meet all their objectives
30 days later → 1 million Allied soldiers landed -
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Europe
Liberation of the Netherlands
Canadians capture Dieppe Sept 1, 1944
2 years after their earlier defeat
Canadians fully liberated Netherlands
German surrender May 5, 1945
7600 Canadian casualties
Dutch rain flowers on Canadians in gratitude
Anne Frank caught Aug 1944 by Nazis
died Mar 1945 @ Bergen-Belsen Concentration Camp
VE Day (Victory in Europe)
May 7, 1945
Mussolini captured and killed Apr 28
Hitler commits suicide Apr 30
USA and USSR soldiers meet at Elbe R. -
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Pacific
Japanese conquered many areas with Chinese
speaking population
Canadian gov’t / military discouraged Asian Cdns
from enlisting → feared giving voting rights
British & Australian gov’ts pressured Canadian gov’t
to recruit Chinese
Force 136 → elite commando unit fighting behind enemy lines → sabotage, train & lead guerilla units
gained right to vote in 1947
Mistrust after Pearl Harbor & Hong Kong
Translators, propaganda, Canadian Intelligence Corp
gained right to vote in 1948