-
WABAN: THE FIRST STATE PRISON OPENS IN CALIFORNIA
When California became a state in 1850, the waves of prospectors rushing to the gold fields included those seeking opportunity and a criminal element as well. -
POLICE ORGANIZE: IT’S OFFICIAL
By 1900, almost every U.S. city, regardless of size, established a full-time police force. -
Period: to
Justice System Timeline
-
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) Founded
The NAACP helped organizes events no violent sit-ins for the colored. They also helped enforce the desegragation in schools -
District courts
To create a more efficient federal judiciary, Congress votes to abolish the US circuit courts and transfer their jurisdiction to district courts. -
66th Supreme Court Justice Appointed
James Clark McReynolds is appointed as the 66th Supreme Court Justice by President Woodrow Wilson. -
67th Supreme Court Justice Appointed
Louis Brandeis is appointed at the 67th Supreme Court Justice by President Woodrow Wilson. -
19th Amendment Passes
The 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution is passed, granting women the right to vote. -
10th Chief Supreme Court Justice Appointed
William Howard Taft appointed as the 10th Cheif Supreme Court Justice by Warren G. Harding. -
70th Supreme Court Justice Appointed
George Sutherland is appointed as the 70th Supreme Court Justice by President Warren G. Harding. -
71st Supreme Court Justice Appointed
Pierce Butler is appointed as the 71st Supreme Court Justice by President Warren G. Harding -
71st Supreme Court Justice Appointed
Edward Terry Sanford is appointed as the 72nd Supreme Court Justice by President Warren G. Harding. -
First execution by gas chamber
The first execution by gas chamber was carried out in Carson City Nevada. -
73rd Supreme Court Justice Appointed
Harlan F. Stone is appointed as the 73rd Supreme Court Justice by President Calvin Coolidge. -
Judges Bill
The Supreme Court justices recommend the Judges' Bill to Congress for approval. Congress agrees to give the Court greater authority in determining which cases it will hear by eliminating direct appeals from district courts except in cases involving constitutional principles. Calvin Coolidge signed the act. -
74th Supreme Court Justice Appointed
Owen Joesphus Roberts is appointed as the 74th Supreme Court Justice by President Herbert Hoover. -
11th Chief Supreme Court Justice Appointed
Charles Even Hughes is appointed as the 11th Cheif Supreme Court Justice, appointed by Herbert Hoover -
75th Supreme Court Justice Appointed
Benjamin N. Cardozo is appointed as the 75th Supreme Court Justice by President Herbert Hoover. -
Last Public Execution
Last public execution is carried out in Kentucky, with 20,000 in attendance, and a large media coverage. -
Justice Department is reorganized
The Justice Department reorganizes itself into three different courts, adminstratice, appellates, and trail -
76th Supreme Court Justice Appointed
Hugo Black is appointed as the 76th Supreme Court Justice by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. -
77th Supreme Court Justice Appointed
Stanley Forman Reed is appointed as the 77th Supreme Court Justice by President Franklin D. Roosevelt -
The Civil Rights Division of the Department of Justice
The Civil Rights Division is created, first called the Civil Liberites Section, created to handle injustices in relation to Civil Rights, and discriminatory crimes. -
79th Supreme Court Justice Appointed
William O. Douglas is appointed as the 79th Supreme Court Justice by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. -
78th Supreme Court Justice Appointed
Felix Frankfurter is appointed as the 78th Supreme Court Justice by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. -
80th Supreme Court Justice Appointed
Frank Murphy is appointed as the 80th Supreme Court Justice by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. -
81st Supreme Court Justice Appointed
James F. Bryrnes is appointed as the 81st Supreme Court Justice by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. -
82nd Supreme Court Justice Appointed
Robert H. Jackson appointed as the 82nd Supreme Court Justice by President Franklin D. Roosevelt -
12th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court Appointed
Harlan F. Stone is appointed as the 12th Cheif Justice of the Supreme Court by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. -
War fraud unit is created.
The War Fraud Unit is created, to stop all fraud against the government during times of war. -
Roosevelt Issues Order Relocating Japanese-Americans
On February 19, 1942 (shortly after the U.S. entered World War II) President F.D. Roosevelt issued an executive order designating much of the west coast a "military area", and requiring relocation of most Japanese-Americans from certain west coast states. -
First Female Attorney
Beatrice Rosenburg becomes the first female attorney in the Criminal Justice Department, in the court of appllettes -
83rd Supreme Court Justice Appointed
Wiley Blount Ruthledge appointed as the 83rd Supreme Court Justice by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. -
84th Supreme Court Justice Appointed
Harold Hitz Burton is appointed as 84th Supreme Court Justice by President Harry S. Truman -
13th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court Appointed
Fred M. Vinson is appointed as the 13 Cheif Justice of the Supreme Court, by President Harry S. Truman -
86th Supreme Court Justice Appointed
Tom C. Clark is appointed as the 86th Supreme Court Justice by President Harry S. Truman -
87th Supreme Court Justice Appointed
Sherman Minton is appointed as the 87th Supreme Court Justice by President Harry S. Truman. -
14th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court Appointed
Earl Waren appointed as the 14th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court by President Dwight D. Eisenhower. -
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (De-Segregation in Education)
The U.S. Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas ended legal racial segregation in public schools. -
89th Supreme Court Justice Appointed
John Marshall Harlan II appointed as the 89th Supreme Court Justice by President Dwight D. Eisenhower. -
Montgomery Bus Boycotts
African-American woman Rosa Parks's arrest after her refusal to move to the back of a bus triggers a citywide boycott of the bus system. -
90th Supreme Court Justice Appointed
William J. Brennan appointed as the 90th Supreme Court Justice by President Dwight D. Eisenhower. -
91st Supreme Court Justice Appointed
Charles Even Whittaker appointed as the 91st Supreme Court Justice by President Dwight D. Eisenhower. -
Hawaii and Alaska end Capital Punishment
After much pressure to end the death penalty after England and Canada ended their death penalty. -
92nd Supreme Court Justice Appointed
Potter Stewart is appointed as the 92nd Supreme Court Justice by President Dwight D. Eisenhower. -
Cooper V. Aaron
States that states cannot nullify decisions of Federal Courts -
Mapp v Ohio
An illegally obtained material cannot be used in a criminal trial -
Delaware Restores Death Penalty
After pressure from both sides of the death penalty, Delaware was pressured to restore the death penalty. -
Engel v. Vitale
School initiated prayer (in public schools) violates the first amendment right of freedom of religion. -
93rd Supreme Court Justice Appointed
Byron White is appointed as the 93rd Supreme Court Justice by President John F. Kennedy. -
94th Supreme Court Justice Appointed
Arthur Goldberg is appointed as the 94th Supreme Court Justice by President John F. Kennedy. -
Gideon v. Wainwright
States that defendants must be provided with representation without charge -
Equal Pay Act
Passing Congress in 1963, the Equal Pay Act is a federal law requiring that employers pay all employees equally for equal work, regardless of whether the employees are male or female. -
Oregon Abolish the Death Penalty
After pressure from both side of the death penalty Oregon abolish capital punishment. -
Civil rights act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination in a number of settings: voting, public accommodations, public facilities, public education, federally-assisted programs, and employment and establishes the federal Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). -
95th Supreme Court Justice Appointed
Abe Fortas is appointed as the 95th Supreme Court Justice by President Lyndon B. Johnson -
Four States Abolish Capital Punishment
New York, Iowa, West Virginia, and Vermont abolish the death penalty. -
Voting rights act of 1965
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 prohibits the denial or restriction of the right to vote, and forbids discriminatory voting practices nationwide. -
Miranda v. Arizona
States that Police must inform suspects of their rights before questionings. -
96th Supreme Court Justice Appointed
Thurgood Marshall is appointed as the 96th Supreme Court Justice by President Lyndon B. Johnson. -
Federal Judicial Center
In response to Chief Justice Earl Warren's recommendation, Congress establishes a Federal Judicial Center to help Supreme Court justices better manage their growing caseload. The Center will conduct judicial research and organize educational programs for judges and court personnel. -
Terry v. Ohio
States that stop and frisk do not violate the Constitution in some circumstances. -
Tinker v. Des Moines
Students rights are still valid in schools, and students have the rights to peacefully protest. -
RICO act drafted
An federal law designed to combat organized crime in the United States. -
Delaware Abolish Capital Punishment
Delaware Abolish Capital Punishment after England and Canada end the death penalty. -
US v. Nixon
The President is not above the law. -
101st Supreme Court Justice Appointed
John Paul Stevens is appointed as the 101st Supreme Court Justice by Gerald Ford -
DEATH PENALTY RULED CONSTITUTIONAL
Gregg v. Georgia (1976), the Court reaffirmed the death penalty as constitutional. -
Public Integrity Section Created
After the Watergate Scandel the department of Justice created the section of Public Integrity to review the acts of politicans. -
Office of Special Investigation Created
The Office of Special Investigation is created to investigate and deport former Nazi after World War II in the United States -
102nd Supreme Court Justice Appointed
Sandra Day O'Connor is appointed as the 102nd Supreme Court Justice by President Ronald Reagan. -
US Court of Appeals
In an effort to further streamline the appeals process and to relieve growing pressure on the Supreme Court, Congress establishes a national court of appeals defined by its jurisdiction rather than by geography. This US Court of Appeals will screen appeal petitions and decide cases before they reach the Supreme Court. -
Office for Asset Forfeiture Created
The Office for Asset Forfeiture is created to account for non-tax forfeitures. -
New Jersey v. T.L.O.
States that students have a reduced expectation of privacy in school. -
103rd Supreme Court Justice Appointed
Antonin Scalia is appointed as the 103rd Supreme Court Justice by President Ronald Reagan. -
16th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court Appointed
William Rehnquist is appointed as the 16th Cheif Justice of the Supreme Court appointed by President Ronald Reagan -
Bethel School District #43 v. Fraser
States Students do not have a 1st amendment right to make obscene speeches in school -
The National Obscenity Enforcement Unit Created
Later named the Child Exploitation and Obscenity Section is created to protect the welfare of children. -
104th Supreme Court Justice Appointed
Anthony Kennedy appointed as the 104th Supreme Court Justice by President Ronald Reagan. -
105th Supreme Court Justice Appointed
David Souter is appointed as the 105th Supreme Court Justice by President George H.W. Bush. -
106th Supreme Court Justice Appointed
Clarence Thomas is appointed as the 106th Supreme Court Justice by President George H.W. Bush. -
Money Laundering Section
The Money Laundering Section is created to assist the Asset Recovery Section and help with the justice departments anti-money laundering enforcement efforts. -
107th Supreme Court Justice Appointed
Ruth Bader Ginsburg is appointed as the 107th Supreme Court Justice by President Bill Clinton -
108th Supreme Court Justice Appointed
Stephen Breyer is appointed as the 108th Supreme Court Justice by President Bill Clinton. -
Jo Ann Harris first female Appointed to the assistant attorney general for the Criminal Division, she was appointed by President Bill Clinton.
First Female Appointed to Assistant Attorney General for the Criminal Division -
The Computer Crime and Intellectual Property Section
The Computer Crime and Intellectual Property Section established to protected Americans against cyber crimes. -
Capital Case Unit Created
The Capital Case Unit Created to create fairness and consistency among death penalty cases. -
1st African American in Assistant Attorney General Position
Edward S.G. Dennis Jr. becomes 1st African American in Assistant Attorney General for the Criminal Division, appointed by President Ronald Regan -
The Capital Case Unit Created to create fairness and consistency among death penalty cases.
States that students may not use school loudspeaker systems to offer student-led prayer, in public schools. -
Patriot act
a controversial anti-terrorism law that allows law enforcement agencies to employ court-approved wiretaps on suspected terrorists, share criminal investigative information with counterterrorism investigators andother government officials, and work with other government agencies with the aim of securing U.S. borders and attacking international money laundering. -
Board of Education of Independent School District #92 of Pottawatomie County v. Earls
States that random drug tests of students involved in extracurricular activities do not violate the Fourth Amendment -
The Domestic Security Section is Created
The Domestic Security Section is created to fight against terrorism, it was renamed the Counterterrorism Section and Counterespionage Section. -
Roper v. Simmons
States its cruel and unusual to punishment to execute a person on crimes they committed before turning 18. -
17th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court Appointed
John Roberts is appointed as the 17th President of the Supreme Court by President George W. Bush -
110th Supreme Court Justice Appointed
Samuel Alito is appointed as the 110th Supreme Court Justice by President George W. Bush. -
The Gang Unit is Created
The Gang Unit is Created to target gang-related crimes, and it is moved into the National Security Division. -
111th Supreme Court Justice Appointed
Sonia Sotomayor appointed as the 111th Supreme Court Justice by President Barack Obama. -
The OSI merger is Created
The Office of the Special Investigation merger is created from the merger between the Human Rights and Special Prosecution Section -
112th Supreme Court Justice Appointed
Elena Kagan is appointed as the 112th Supreme Court Justice by President Barack Obama. -
Juvenile offenders sentenced to life
As of 2010, the Supreme Court holds that “juvenile offenders may not be sentenced to life in prison without parole… unless they are found guilty of homicide. It is said that the punishment violates the Eighth Amendment protection against cruel and unusual punishment. Also, “… that young offender must be treated differently from adults even for heinous crimes” (Barnes, 2010). -
113th Supreme Court Justice Appointed
Neil Gorsuch appointed as the 113th Supreme Court Justice by President Donald Trump.
