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Ptolemy, an astronomer, believed that the earth was the center of the universe and that the suns and planets moved around Earth. He called this the geocentric theory.
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Roger Bacon, an English philosopher and scientist, was one of the first people to use scientific exploration instead of faithful acceptance. After people heard about this theory, they began to question human nature and were not satisfied with just their beliefs. This was called the Spirit of the Renaissance.
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Scientist Nicolas Copernicus believed that his new theory, the heliocentric theory, was better than Ptolemy's theory because he believed that the sun was the center of the universe. Copernicus soon realized that his theory explained many of the facts that they knew then about astronomy.
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Antoni used the microscope and discovered bacteria, which he called animalcules. He studied them and wrote about a whole range of these new tiny life forms that had never been seen before.
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When Copernicus released his theory, no one believed him because it denied what people thought they knew.
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Vesalius believed that the human body was very complicated. Vesalius studied on his own and published a book about the human body with incredible pictures and drawings.
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Kepler was a mathematician who helped to prove Copernicus's theory. He later realized that some of Copernicus's theory was wrong, but managed to prove it was right with the help of Galilei.
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Francis Bacon had a new theory that you can only prove assumptions correct if you had done an experiment. He later published a book about his theory.
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In Descartes point of view, all fields of science were connected and that they should be studied together. Descartes created a mathematical description of light refraction. Most of his work challenged many teachings taught by the church. Because of this, he had to live in the Protestant kingdom of Sweden, where he died in 1620.
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After Galileo published his ideas to the public, many people didn't believe him because they thought it went against the bible and some still believed in Ptolemy's theory. They also tried to say his theory was untrue because of their belief that heavy objects fall faster than lighter ones, but Galileo proved this wrong as well.
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René Descartes was a leader of the Scientific Revolution and believed that you can prove something without having facts to back it up.
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Boyle helped to start the modern science of chemistry. Boyle showed that temperature and pressure affect the space that a gas occupies.
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Isaac Newton wrote a book about Kepler´s, Copernicus´s, and Galileo´s theory´s and proved that planets moved around the earth, but he could not prove why.
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Lavoisier, a French scientist, later came up with the name of oxygen.
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Lavoisier came up with the conservation of matter and proved that fire was created using oxygen.
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Priestly discovered the oxygen element.