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He believed the Earth was the center of the universe and that all objects moved in perfect circles.
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He created the geocentric model that placed Earth at the center of the universe.
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He proposed the heliocentric model where the Sun is at the center of the solar system.
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He made very accurate observations of stars and planets without a telescope.
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He discovered that planets move in elliptical orbits around the Sun.
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In 1609, Galileo Galilei improved the design of the telescope, increasing its magnification up to 30 times, and used it to make groundbreaking astronomical discoveries, such as observing mountains and craters on the Moon, discovering four moons orbiting Jupiter, identifying countless stars in the Milky Way, and providing strong evidence for the heliocentric model of the solar system, which proposed that the Earth and other planets revolve around the Sun.
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In 1610, using a telescope he had improved himself, Galileo Galilei discovered the four largest moons of Jupiter—Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto—by observing tiny points of light that appeared to move around the planet night after night, leading him to realize they were orbiting Jupiter, not Earth.
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In the late 1660 Isaac newton discovers calculus.
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Isaac Newton discovered the concept of gravity after observing an apple fall from a tree, which led him to wonder why objects always fall straight down, inspiring him to theorize that a universal force, which he later called gravity, pulls all objects toward one another, and that this same force governs the motion of planets and moons in space.
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He discovered Uranus and built powerful telescopes.
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He showed that the universe is expanding as galaxies move away from us.
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