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Stalin begins collectivisation of agriculture... private land now belonged to the state
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The Central Committee stated that the State had the right to exercise guidance over literature. This effectively introduced censorship over literature.
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First five-year plan: Stalin announced the beginning of state industrialisation of the Soviet economy.
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Trotsky was found guilty of being a counter-revolutionary and was banished from the Soviet Union. He was given refuge in Turkey and settled near Istanbul. While in Turkey he published his “History of the Russian Revolution”.
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Bukharin was expelled after Stalin rejected the NEP in 1928
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This document divided Kulaks into three categories:
1. Those that should be shot or imprisoned
2. Those that should be deported
3. Those that should be expelled from the Kolkhoz and given areas of poor land. -
Stalin published his article “Dizzy with Success” in which he called for a temporary halt to collectivisation claiming that the collectivisation quota outlined in his 5 year plan had been reached and that “some of our comrades have become dizzy with success and for the moment have lost clearness of mind and sobriety of vision”
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The GULAG was officially established. Correctional forced labour camps had been used previously but were now named. They were to be used to house those individuals that were a threat to or disrupted the functioning of the Soviet State. They began housing kulaks immediately
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Stalin announced that his first Five Year Plan, introduced in 1928, had been such a success that he was ending it a year early. The first Five Year Plan had seen:
An increase in the production of raw materials, iron, steel etc -
Plan proposed to: continue to increase industrial production in raw materials, iron, steel etc
improve communications and infrastructure
increase production of electricity
introduce new industries
increase production of consumer goods -
Kirov was a member of the Politburo who had disagreed with some of Stalin’s policy. It is likely that the assassination was carried out on Stalin’s orders
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In a bid to halt the falling population, abortion, which had previously been free to all women, was now banned. Divorce was also made more difficult and payments to those with large families were introduced. The move was dubbed the ‘Great Retreat’ due to the shift in stance from the 1920s when the family had been considered a bourgeois and free love had been encouraged.
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Kamenev and Grigory Zinoviev were the primary defendants, began, after being accused for Kirov's death
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The defendants in the Trial of the Sixteen were executed.
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Of seventeen defendants, all but four were sentenced to death.
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Its goal was to prepare USSR for war with Germany
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Bukharin was the primary defendant
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defendants were executed
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The Treaty officially agreed to maintain a non-aggression stance and increase trade between themselves. Privately the treaty agreed to divide Eastern Europe between themselves with Germany taking Western Poland and Czechoslovakia.
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Prompted the start of WW2
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Operation Barbarossa-- Although Stalin knew that Hitler would break the Nazi-Soviet Pact and invade Russia he had not expected the invasion until mid 1942 at the earliest. Consequently the Soviet Army was not prepared and was initially pushed back.
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The Yalta Conference was a meeting between Stalin, Churchill and Roosvelt to discuss details of the end of the war. It was agreed among other things that:
Germany and Berlin would be divided into four occupied zones – Soviet, British, French and American
Prisoners of war would be returned to their country of origin
Poland would be allowed to stage free elections