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Radical Republicans were a small organized group within the Republican party. Preventing confederacy leaders from returning to positions of power, empowering the republican party to become an institution in the south, and political equality through the right to vote for African Americans were the three main goals of the group.
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Offered forgiveness (amnesty or pardon) to the southern citizens who took the oath of loyalty to the US and accepted proclamations regarding slavery. Allowed southern states which 10% of the population took the oath to be readmitted into the union.
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The “iron clad” was an oath of loyalty to the confederacy. The Wade Davis Bill required the white males of a former confederate state to take. The state then formed a new state government where slavery was abolished, requirements of the confederacy were rejected, and confederate government officials were rejected the right to participate in politics.
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40,000 acres of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida land where African Americans were allowed to live, was a result of this military order.
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Created to ensure equality for emancipated slaves, the amendment abolished slavery.
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In attempt to help the war refugees of the south post Civil War, congress established the Freedmen’s Bureau. 30,000 helpings of food a day for a year, helping prevent southern mass starvation. The Freedmen’s Bureau helped freed African Americans with labor contracts to find jobs. These were the first “peace core ideas”.
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Reconstruction politics were changed as a result of Lincoln’s assassination and Andrew Johnson stepped in as president.
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Southern states passed a set of laws intended to limit the rights of African Americans. Depending on the state, the laws varied. Black codes were made to keep African Americans in the same conditions and social standing as slavery; ensuring cheap labor. Black codes intended to keep freed African Americans inferior.
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An American hate group with the goal of using white supremacy to overthrow the Republican Party post Civil War. These political and social terrorists grew quickly in the south. Wearing white hoods, the group terrorized republican government supporters in the streets.
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The Civil Rights Bill of 1866 declared everyone born in the US was considered a citizen. This bill did not include Native Americans. This Act passed by congress allowed African Americans to own property, given federal government power, and equal treatment in court. This bill was passed in reaction to Black Codes.
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11 articles of impeachment were voted against President Andrew Johnson by the House of Representatives. In these 11 articles high crimes and misdemeanor were depicted, their main argument claiming Johnson had broken the law by refusing to uphold the Tenure of Office Act.
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A process which readmitted Southern states into the union. This was also referred to as the Military Reconstruction Act.
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The 14th amendment was introduced by the Republican party in attempt to prevent the Supreme Court from overturning the Civil Rights Act. This amendment granted citizenship to all people born in the US, regardless of previous servitude.
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Sharecroppers were often families who living on a piece of land who paid their rent through labor and crops produced. This was an economic development after the division of the 5 zones.
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Carl Schurz’s claim regarding the three amendments passed within reconstruction; referring to them as a “bridge between a divided America at war and one united nation”.
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The 15th amendment was the last to be passed within the reconstruction time period, following the 13th and 14th amendment. The 15th amendment granted African American men the right to vote.
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In effort to protect African Americans’ rights congress passed three laws. In a violet time for African Americans, these laws allowed the governmental enforcement when laws were not being followed.
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Led to the conclusion that the 14th amendment did not include rights of state. Resolved by the Supreme court.
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This act attempted to guarantee equal treatment for African Americans by prohibiting racial discrimination in public places.
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Was the promise; if South Hayes was elected, the Republicans would pull federal troops out. This was the outcome of the 1877 election and was carried out with in a month of Hayes’ election.
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