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Andrew Johnson becomes president.
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13th amendment is ratified
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Laws are enacted that restricts the rights of African Americans
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Confers citizenship on African Americans and guarantees equal rights.
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White civilians and police kill 46 African Americans and destroy 90 houses in Memphis, TN
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A secret organization to intimidate African Americans and restore white rule is founded in Pulaski, Tennessee.
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Congress divides the former Confederacy into five military districts and requires elections in which African American men can vote.
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By one vote, the U.S. Senate fails to remove the president from office.
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Former Union general becomes the 18th president.
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Hiram Revels of Mississippi elected to U. S. Senate as the first black senator.
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Helped millions of former black slaves and poor whites in the South in the aftermath of the Civil War.
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Guarantees equal rights to African Americans in public accommodations and jury service. Ruled unconstitutional in 1883.
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President Hayes withdraws federal troops from the South protecting the Civil Rights of African Americans.