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Discover planets move in a predictable & periodic fashion.
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Records the first ponderings of a Big Bang.
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Claims the universe is geocentric - meaning a fixed Earth at the center with planets and stars moving around it.
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Records the first catalog of stars.
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Suggests there is a force of gravity between the Sun and Earth.
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Correctly calculates a year is 365.242198 days.
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Correctly calculates a year is 365.242198 days.
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Creates the first accurate model of our Moon's motion.
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Proves Earth is round and measures its circumference.
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Hypothesizes that Earth turns around its own axis.
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Proposes a heliocentric model of the universe - meaning the Sun, not Earth, is at the center.
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Proposes our Sun is not the center of the universe, but rather one of many such solar systems.
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Creates his three Laws of Planetary Motion.
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Identifies the moons orbiting Jupiter, the phases of Venus, and sunspots on our Sun.
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Proves objects of different masses fall at the same rate.
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First discovers Earth has a magnetic field.
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Publishes "Principia," which includes his 3 Laws of Motion & the Law of Universal Gravitation.
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Flies a kite to collect charge in a Leyden jar showing the connection between lighting and electricity.
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An amateur astronomer - proposes the idea of black holes.
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Publishes the idea of Conservation of Mass based on ideas from Ancient Greece & Medieval Persia.
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Shows that light is a wave in his famous double-slit experiment.
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Develops the atomic theory that matter is composed of very small, indivisible particles.
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Proves light is an electromagnetic wave and publishes his famous 4 equations.
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Applies for a patent for the first "vehicle powered by a gas engine."
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Invents the first alternating current motor.
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Discovers electrons.
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Claims light travels in discrete packets called quanta. This begins the era of modern physics.
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Is discovered, leading later to new medical devices like MRIs and faster computer chips.
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Explains how the photoelectric effect works, leading to the wave-particle duality model.
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Publishes the Special Theory of Relativity.
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Proposes the idea that space and time are not separate and coins the term "space-time."
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(Fragments of atoms that rain down on Earth from other solar systems).
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Creates the "planetary model" of the atom.
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Wins her second Nobel Prize for discovering two elements.
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Combines Special Relativity and Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation in his publication "General Relativity."
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Calculates the size of a black hole's event horizon (boundary from which no light can escape).
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Confirms the Theory of Relativity by measuring the bending of starlight around the Sun in an eclipse.
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Calculates that General Relativity could suggest an expanding universe.
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Definitively proves the existence of other galaxies in the universe besides the Milky Way.
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Is published, which states no two electrons can be in the same location.
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States that we cannot know both the location and speed of an electron at the same time.
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Writes an equation to describe the probability wave that governs the motion of small particles.
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Suggests that Earth's magnetic field reverses.
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Proves that all galaxies are moving away from us in an expanding universe.
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(Using radio waves instead of only visible light to see things in space).
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Experimentally identifies the positron (the anti-particle of the electron).
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Is used to explain quantum superposition, decoherence, and entanglement.
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Develops a magnitude scale for earthquakes.
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Discovers some stars must turn into black holes.
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Is invented, transforming the electronic industry.
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Wins the Nobel Prize in Physics for explaining why a certain number of neutrons and protons in the nucleus result in stable atoms.
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(Extremely remote super-massive black holes at the center of distance galaxies emitting lots of light).
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Proposed the existence of quarks
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Discover the existence of microwave background radiation (heat from the Big Bang is floating through us right now).
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Co-discovers the first radio pulsars.
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Publish that black holes are common occurrences in our universe.
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Shows for the first time that matter is composed of spherical atoms.
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Provides evidence for the existence of dark matter.
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Is put into orbit from space shuttle Discovery.
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Confirmed the existence of the Higgs boson at the LHC in Switzerland.
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Wins the Feynman Prize in nanotechnology on diamond particles.