PERIOD 9

  • NRA

    NRA

    National Rifle Association formed to advocate for gun rights
  • Ethnic Cleansing

    Ethnic Cleansing

    "The mass expulsion or killing of members of an unwanted ethnic or religious group in a society." -- Bosnia, Holocaust, Rwanda, Myanmar, etc
  • WMDs

    WMDs

    weapons of mass destruction (three types: biological, chemical, nuclear), term coined in 1937
  • PLO

    PLO

    political and paramilitary organization in favor of Palestine being a free state
  • West Bank and Gaza Strip

    West Bank and Gaza Strip

    Palestinian territories occupied by Israel
  • Nuclear Proliferation

    Nuclear Proliferation

    spread of nuclear weapons, fissionable material, and weapons-applicable nuclear technology and information to nations not recognized as "Nuclear Weapon States"
  • Yasser Arafat

    Yasser Arafat

    chairman of PLO
  • William Rehnquist

    William Rehnquist

    American lawyer, jurist, and political figure, served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court and as the 16th Chief Justice
  • California v Bakke

    California v Bakke

    use of racial quotas in college admission unconstitutional, but affirmative action constitutional
  • Sandinistas

    Sandinistas

    leftist coalition that overthrew Nicaraguan dictatorship under Anastasia Somoza, US financed armed Contra opposition, Sandinistas lost 1990 elections
  • Moral Majority

    Moral Majority

    political group founded to promote religious and conservative agenda
  • Saddam Hussein

    Saddam Hussein

    President of Iraq, hung in 2006, started Iran-Iraq war
  • Religious Fundamentalism

    Religious Fundamentalism

    group believes themselves to be "absolute authority" on religious texts
  • Ronald Reagan

    Ronald Reagan

    Reagan elected president
  • Supply Side Economics

    Supply Side Economics

    Economic growth from lowering taxes and deregulation
  • Trickle-Down Economics

    Trickle-Down Economics

    benefits of the wealthy "trickle down" to others
  • Economic Recovery Tax Act

    Economic Recovery Tax Act

    lowered income tax rates and allowed for expending of assets
  • Sandra Day O'Connor

    Sandra Day O'Connor

    first woman to serve on supreme court
  • PATCO Strike

    PATCO Strike

    Profession Air Traffic Controllers Organization went on strike, strike declared illegal and striking workers banned from being rehired by FAA
  • Boland Amendment

    Boland Amendment

    limited US gov't activity and assistance in Nicaragua
  • SDI

    SDI

    Strategic Defense Initiative, aka "Star Wars," called for a land- or space-based shield against nuclear attack
  • Beirut Bombings

    Beirut Bombings

    US marines bombed in Lebanon while on a peacekeeping mission
  • Internet

    Internet

    ARPANET adopted TCP/IP in 1983, and from there researchers began to assemble the “network of networks” that became the modern Internet.
  • Geraldine Ferraro

    Geraldine Ferraro

    first woman to appear on major-party presidential ticket running as VP to Walter Mondale
  • Walter Mondale

    Walter Mondale

    Carter's VP, ran for president but defeated by Reagan
  • Gorbachev

    Gorbachev

    Soviet leader committed to reforming the USSR
  • Glasnost & Perestroika

    Glasnost & Perestroika

    openness and restructuring, Gorbachev's reform policies for USSR
  • Bob Dole

    Bob Dole

    Kansas Congressman, leader of Republican party 85-96
  • Iran-Contra Affair

    Iran-Contra Affair

    secret US arms deal that funded conflict in Central America
  • AIDS

    AIDS

    deadly outbreak of virus originally only thought to affect gay men, but later found to be prevalent in hemophiliacs, drug users, and other groups
  • Immigration Act of 1986

    Immigration Act of 1986

    criminalized hiring of "unauthorized aliens"
  • "Tear Down This Wall"

    "Tear Down This Wall"

    Reagan speech at the Berlin wall asking Gorbachev to end the separation of the two Germanies
  • INF Agreement

    INF Agreement

    US and the USSR agreed to eliminate their nuclear and conventional ballistic and cruise missiles
  • Al-Qaeda

    Al-Qaeda

    militant Sunni Islamic organization founded by Osama Bin Laden and others that fought against Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 80s
  • "Read my lips, no new taxes!"

    "Read my lips, no new taxes!"

    quote from G HW Bush's speech at the 1988 Republican National Convention
  • George H.W. Bush

    George H.W. Bush

    41st president, republican
  • Tiananmen Square

    Tiananmen Square

    Chinese military fired on protesting civilians
  • Panama Invasion

    Panama Invasion

    attempt to overthrow Miguel Noriega, dictator accused of drug trafficking and suppressing democracy
  • Fall of Berlin Wall

    Fall of Berlin Wall

    East Berlin's Communist Party declared that citizens were free to cross the borders.
  • Tea Party

    Tea Party

    American conservative movement within the Republican Party. Members called for a reduction of the national debt and federal budget deficit and lower taxes.
  • Americans with Disabilities Act

    Americans with Disabilities Act

    civil rights law, prohibited discrimination based on disability
  • Lech Walesa

    Lech Walesa

    President of Poland starting in 1990, headed Solidarity, the Soviet's first independent trade union, won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1983.
  • Persian Gulf War

    Persian Gulf War

    Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait which violated the United Nations rules, refused to withdraw and the Persian Gulf War began
  • Bosnia and Kosovo

    Bosnia and Kosovo

    Bosnia and Kosovo were part of Yugoslavia, began to break up in 1991 by nuclear armed wars.
  • START 1 & 2

    START 1 & 2

    Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty was signed by United States and USSR to limit strategic offensive arms.
  • Breakup of Soviet Union

    Breakup of Soviet Union

    Gorbachev resigned as Soviet leader and Yeltsin became president of Russia.
  • Clarence Thomas

    Clarence Thomas

    Thomas replaced Thurgood Marshall during Bush's presidency and is currently an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court. Currently being considered for impeachment due to sexual harassment accusations and lying to enter Supreme Court
  • Boris Yeltsin

    Boris Yeltsin

    1st president of Russian Federation
  • Ross Perot

    Ross Perot

    self-made billionaire, ran for president 1992 as an independent candidate
  • Brady Bill

    Brady Bill

    placed restrictions on purchase of guns
  • Bill Clinton

    Bill Clinton

    42nd president, vice president was Al Gore
  • Failure of Health Reform

    Failure of Health Reform

    High health care costs and the growth of the uninsured population upset the public so the Clinton administration tried to pass the Clinton Health Security Act but was unable to due to its attempts at universal coverage
  • Hillary Clinton

    Hillary Clinton

    First Lady of the United States from 1993 to 2001. She was also elected in the U.S. senate in 2001, the first woman to ever win a public office seat, and became the 67th US secretary of state in 2009.
  • Al Gore

    Al Gore

    45th Vice President, also an environmentalist.
  • NAFTA

    NAFTA

    The North American Free Trade Agreement allowed Canada, Mexico, and the United States to trade with each other trilaterally
  • "Don't ask, don't tell."

    "Don't ask, don't tell."

    DADT - Clinton administration military policy aimed at the L, G, and B of LGBT.
  • Taliban

    Taliban

    a Sunni Islamic fundamentalist political movement in Afghanistan accused of providing sanctuary for bin Laden before his death.
  • WTO

    WTO

    World Trade Organization was founded in 1995 to regulate international trade.
  • Newt Gingrich

    Newt Gingrich

    50th Speaker of the House of Representatives
  • Oklahoma City Bombing

    Oklahoma City Bombing

    truck bombing in downtown Oklahoma city, killed 168
  • Welfare Reform

    Welfare Reform

    two reform bills were vetoed by Clinton, so Gingrich and his followers pushed for the passage of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act, aimed at substantially reconstructing the welfare system.
  • Contract with America

    Contract with America

    proposal presented by republican party in 1997
  • Madeleine Albright

    Madeleine Albright

    first woman to become the United States Secretary of State and served under Clinton
  • G-8

    G-8

    inter-governmental political forum from 1997 to 2014 with major industrialized countries in the world that viewed themselves as democracies.
  • Clinton Impeachment

    Clinton Impeachment

    Clinton was impeached for perjury and obstruction of justice.
  • Deficit Reduction Budget

    Deficit Reduction Budget

    taxation, spending, and economic policy debates and proposals designed to reduce the Federal budget deficit.
  • Bush v Gore

    Bush v Gore

    decision held by the Supreme Court which settled to recount a dispute in Florida's 2000 presidential election
  • 9/11

    9/11

    militant saudi-arabian radicals hijacked passenger planes and flew two into the world trade center, one into the pentagon, and inteded to fly one to either White House or Capitol Building, but last plane crashed in PA due to passengers retaking it
  • Bush Tax Cuts

    Bush Tax Cuts

    changes in the tax codes passed through the Economic Growth and Tex Relief Reconciliation Act 2001
  • George W. Bush

    George W. Bush

    43rd President of the United States(2001-2009) and the 46th Governor of Texas(1995-2000)
  • Enron

    Enron

    energy company that sold electricity to governments for unfair prices, did a lot of damage to the stock market.
  • Homeland Security

    Homeland Security

    George W. Bush founded HS to protect public security after 9/11
  • "Axis of Evil"

    "Axis of Evil"

    represented the governments that his administration accused of sponsoring terrorism and seeking arms of mass destruction.
  • No Child Left Behind

    No Child Left Behind

    Most recent update to the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965
  • Operation Iraqi Freedom

    Operation Iraqi Freedom

    USA planned to overthrow Saddam Hussein, hence "Iraqi freedom"
  • Abu Ghraib Prison

    Abu Ghraib Prison

    Now The Baghdad Central Prison, prisoners held here were violated physically and sexually through torture, rape, and murder.
  • John Kerry

    John Kerry

    Massachusetts senator (democrat) who ran against George W Bush for nomination, lost.
  • Kyoto Accord

    Kyoto Accord

    makes parties involved reduce greenhouse gas emissions, currently 192 countries involved
  • Hurricane Katrina

    Hurricane Katrina

    category 5 hurricane that caused damage to the Gulf from Florida to Texas, many angry w Bush for how he handled it
  • DC v Heller

    DC v Heller

    Supreme Court case -- the second amendment was protected and allowed an individual to possess a firearm.
  • John McCain

    John McCain

    Republican nominee for President in the 2008 election and lost against Obama
  • Sarah Palin

    Sarah Palin

    6th governor of Alaska from 2006 to 2009, ran as vice president under John McCain in the 2008 election.
  • Sonia Sotomayor

    Sonia Sotomayor

    first justice of Hispanic descent and the first Latina, she's been serving since 2009 as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court
  • Barack Obama

    Barack Obama

    44th president of the United States and the first African American to become president.
  • Affordable Care Act

    Affordable Care Act

    three primary goals: to make affordable health insurance available to more people, expand the medicare program to more adults under the income poverty level, and to support innovative medical care.
  • Citizens United

    Citizens United

    supreme court case - dealt with the regulation of political campaign spending by organizations, ruled out that political spending is a form of protected speech under the First Amendment and that the government may not keep corporations and unions from spending money to support elections.
  • Arab Spring

    Arab Spring

    revolutionary wave of violent and non-violent demonstrations, protests, riots, and civil wars. main cause: a man who set himself on fire when he was denied from selling fruit to make a living.
  • Dodd-Frank Act

    Dodd-Frank Act

    places more regulation on the financial industry
  • Syrian Civil War

    Syrian Civil War

    between forces of the Ba'ath government and forces who want to remove it.
  • Osama Bin Laden

    Osama Bin Laden

    founder of Al-Qaeda, killed in 2011.
  • Debt Ceiling

    Debt Ceiling

    Republicans in Congress wanted to raise the debt ceiling by deficit reduction, resulted in a fall of the government's credit rating.
  • Mitt Romney

    Mitt Romney

    70th governor of Massachusetts from 2003-2007, the Republican party's nominee for President in the 2012 election.
  • Shelby County v Holder

    Shelby County v Holder

    court case ]over the Voting Rights Act of 1965, struck down the preclearance section calling it unconstitutional.
  • Boston Marathon Bombing

    Boston Marathon Bombing

    Two homemade bombs detonated near the finish line of the Boston Marathon resulting in three deaths and numerous injured, motive due to religious extremeism
  • Same-Sex Marriage

    Same-Sex Marriage

    same-sex marriage was legalized in all 50 states (thanks, Obama! :D)