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Lend-Lease
American deliveries to the Soviet Union can be divided into the following phases:
-"pre Lend-lease" 22 June 1941 to 30 September 1941
-fourth protocol period from 1 July 1944, (signed 17 April 1945), formally ended 12 May 1945 -
Tehran Conference
1. Churchill: The USSR could absorb part of Eastern Poland while the latter would gain part of eastern Germany.
2. Roosevelt did not object but said he could not publicly agree sa as not to alienate Polish-American votes. (7 million at the time) -
Bretton Woods Conference
The Bretton Woods Conference, formally known as the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference, was the gathering of 730 delegates from all 44 Allied nations at the Mount Washington Hotel, situated in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, United States, to regulate the international monetary and financial order after the conclusion of World War II.The conference was held from the 1st to 22nd of July, 1944 -
Moscow Conference (1944)
Percentages Agreement (1944)
1. British - 90% influence in Greece, USSR - 90% influence in Romania, and 90% influence in Bulgaria.
2. Roosevelt was not present but was briefed on it. He did not openly oppose it. -
In Jan 1945, The USSR asked for $6 billion loan from the US. The US immediately imposed conditions, in particular the opening of Eastern European markets to US manufactured products.
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Yalta Conference
The Yalta Conference, sometimes called the Crimea Conference and codenamed the Argonaut Conference, held February 4–11, 1945, was the World War II meeting of the heads of government of the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union, represented by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Premier Joseph Stalin, respectively, to discuss Europe's post-war reorganization. -
President Franklin Rooselvelt passed away
He died in April 12, 1945 (aged 63) in Warm Springs, Georgia, U.S. -
Soviet's Lend-Lease Agreement was terminated
Fourth protocol period from 1 July 1944, (signed 17 April 1945), formally ended 12 May 1945 but deliveries continued for the duration of the war with Japan under the "Milepost" agreement. On 20 September 1945 all Lend-Lease to the Soviet Union was terminated.
The Soviets need was made more desperate when the US terminated Lend-Lease in May 1945. -
Potsdam Conference
The Potsdam Conference was held at Cecilienhof, the home of Crown Prince Wilhelm Hohenzollern, in Potsdam, occupied Germany, from 17 July to 2 August 1945. Participants were the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States. The three powers were represented by Communist Party General Secretary Joseph Stalin, Prime Ministers Winston Churchill, and, later, Clement Attlee, and President Harry S. Truman. -
Soviets moved (occupied) North Korea
In August 1945,the US was worried about Soviet intentions in Korea and quickly sent troops to South Korea.Stalin did not object.Korea was divided into 2 occupation zones along 38th parallel.This reflected the Soviet attitude at the point of time.Firstly,Stalin was willing to cooperate with the US. Secondly,the USSR was not indiscriminately expanding. -
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Operation Beleaguer
In September 1945, 50,000 US Marines were sent to North China to secure key communicatinon centres, road, rail routes and help transport KMT armies to the area. -
The refusal of Soviets to join IMF and the World Bank
The failure of the US tp aid the Soviets in its economic reconstruction caused the Soviets to boycott the International Monetary Funds (IMF) and the World Bank, signalling their refusal to participate in the reconstruction of global economy. This marked the beginning of the economic schism. -
Eastern Bloc (Warsaw Pact)
In another practice of dollar diplomacy in early 1946, the US imposed a condition to drop trade barriers in Eastern Europe and compensation for the US assets seized in Romania and Bulgaria on a request by the Soviets for a loan in 1946. -
The Long Telegramme
The Long Telegramm had an impact on the US policy makers. It was decisive factor in Truman administration's change of course to apolicy of firmness towards the USSR. -
Iron Curtain speech
Stalin called Churchill a warmonger and accused him of trying to start World War III. However, there are no concrete follow-up action by Stalin. -
Soviet Red Army withdrawal from Iran
Soviets were supposed to evacuate Iran by March 1946 as there was no need for for the Soviets to be there anymore. USSR in Iran expired in March 1946. Soviets leave in May 1946. The US took the issue to the UN when the USSR did not evacuate. -
All negotiations over loans with the USSR ended
By June 1946, all negotiations over loans with the USSR ended. -
The Clifford-Elsey Report
The Clifford-Elsey Report reflects the US perception of the USSR which had crystallised by this point of time. It acted as justification for the US perspeptive of the Soviets. -
Baruch Plan
The Plan concerned the frequent inspection of atomic energy installations in UN members states part of the effort to regulate atomic energy. -
Truman Doctrine
It is the first American declaration to counter Soviet's expanionism. It also laid the foundation for the formulation of the Marshall Plan in June 1947. -
Marshall Plan
The plan's primary motive was political - to contain communism. The secondary motive was tocreate a captive European market for American goods. -
Introduction of Deutsche Mark
The three Western powers The US and British (with tacit French support)) proceeded in June 1948 to establish the Deutsche Mark despite the USSR resistance. -
Berlin Blockade
In June 1948, Russia blocked te roads and rail routes to Berlin - the Berlin Blockade had begun. -
The start of the Berlin Airlift
The Berlin Airlift: The US and British planes flew more than 200,000 flights to berlin in 320 days and delivered vital supplies of food and coal to 2,2 million West Berliners. -
Formation of NATO
Berlin Blockade increased the feeling of imlitary insecurity which leads to formation of North Atlantic Treaty Organisations. -
Berlin Blockade lifted
This shows the failure the USSR to stop the West in Berlin Airlift operation. -
West Germany
Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) was established. -
Warsaw Pact
The Warsaw Pact was not an immediate response to NATO. Hence, the latter did not indicate a turning point in US-Soviet relations.
