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This case establishes the Supreme Court's power of judicial review
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John Peck acquired land that was part of the original legislative grant. He then sold the land to Robert Fletcher three years later, claiming that past sales of the land had been legitimate. Fletcher argued that since the original sale of the land had been declared invalid, Peck had no legal right to sell the land and thus committed a breach of contract.
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The charter for the first bank of the United States expired in 1811. This allowed private and state banks to print their own money, which caused widespread uncertainty about the value of money.
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Thousands of Factory Workers lost their jobs. which led to panic and blame for capitalism and banks.
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The Bank of the United States was reestablished in 1816. In effect, the bank competed with and threatened many state and local banks. State officials in Maryland even tried to levy a tax on the operations of the Bank of the United States in an attempt to defend their banks.
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promoted growth of industry by embracing a protective tariff, used federal power to help industries and their workers.
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New Hampshire legislature attempted to change Dartmouth College-- a privately funded institution--into a state university.
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the state of Maryland passed legislation to impose taxes on the bank. James W. McCulloch, the cashier of the Baltimore branch of the bank, refused to pay the tax.
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Spain had felt pressured to give up their claims bt rhe First SEminole War that occurred in 1818. The Seminoles were an american indian group from southern Georgia and Northern Florida, an area that was governed by Spain
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Marshall's was one of the earliest and most influential opinions concerning this important clause. He concluded that regulation of navigation by steamboat operators and others for purposes of conducting interstate commerce was a power reserved to and exercised by the Congress.
