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The Seikilos epitaph is an Ancient Greek inscription that preserves the oldest surviving complete musical composition, including musical notation.Commonly dated between the 1st and 2nd century AD -
Gregorian chant is the central tradition of Western plainchant, a form of monophonic, unaccompanied sacred song in Latin (and occasionally Greek) of the Roman Catholic Church. Gregorian chant developed mainly in western and central Europe during the 9th and 10th centuries, with later additions and redactions. Although popular legend credits Pope Gregory I with inventing Gregorian chant. -
Starts with the fallen of the occidental Roman Empire.
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was an Italian music theorist and pedagogue of High medieval music. A Benedictine monk, he is regarded as the inventor—or by some, developer—of the modern staff notation that had a massive influence on the development of Western musical notation and practice. -
known as the Sibyl of the Rhine, was a German Benedictine abbess and polymath active as a writer, composer, philosopher, mystic, visionary, and as a medical writer and practitioner during the High Middle Ages.[1][2] She is one of the best-known composers of sacred monophony, as well as the most recorded in modern history.[3] She has been considered by a number of scholars to be the founder of scientific natural history in Germany.[4] -
as an Occitan poet-composer troubadour of the classical age of troubadour poetry.Generally regarded as the most important troubadour in both poetry and music,his 18 extant melodies of 45 known poems in total is the most to survive from any 12th-century troubadour. -
was the first known significant composer of polyphonic organum. He was probably French, probably lived and worked in Paris at the Notre-Dame Cathedral and was the earliest member of the Notre Dame school of polyphony and the ars antiqua style who is known by name, thanks to the writer known as Anonymous IV. -
Pérotin, also known as Perotin the Great, was a medieval composer who lived around the late 12th and early 13th century. He is credited with developing polyphonic practices and is associated with the Notre Dame school of polyphony. Pérotin is known for his compositions in the ars antiqua style, which includes works like "Viderunt omnes" and "Sederunt principes". His contributions to music, particularly in the development of organum triplum and quadruplum. -
Ars antiqua refers to a period in medieval music history, particularly during the High Middle Ages, characterized by the development of complex counterpoint and polyphonic music. This term is often associated with the innovations of the Notre-Dame school of polyphony and the early development of the motet, a highly varied choral composition. The term is used in opposition to Ars nova, which represents a more secular and innovative style of music that emerged later in the 14th century. -
Alfonso X commissioned or co-authored numerous works of music during his reign. These works included Cantigas d'escarnio e maldicer and the vast compilation Cantigas de Santa Maria ("Songs to the Virgin Mary"), which was written in Galician–Portuguese and figures among the most important of his works. The Cantigas de Santa Maria form one of the largest collections of vernacular monophonic songs to survive from the Middle Ages. -
was a French composer and poet who was the central figure of the ars nova style in late medieval music. His dominance of the genre is such that modern musicologists use his death to separate the ars nova from the subsequent ars subtilior movement.[8] Regarded as the most significant French composer and poet of the 14th century,[9][10] he is often seen as the century's leading European composer.[3] -
Ars Nova refers to a musical style that flourished in the Late Middle Ages, particularly in France, during the 14th century. It is characterized by innovations in rhythmic notation and polyphonic music, marked by the emancipation of music from the rhythmic modes of the preceding age. The term is derived from the Latin phrase "Ars Nova," meaning "New Art," and was first used in treatises by composers like Philippe de Vitry and Guillaume de Machaut. -
was a Florentine composer, poet, organist, singer and instrument maker, and a central figure of the music of the Trecento in the Italian peninsula. -
was a German inventor and craftsman who invented the movable-type printing press. Though movable type was already in use in East Asia, Gutenberg's invention of the printing press[2] enabled a much faster rate of printing. The printing press later spread across the world,[3] and led to an information revolution and the unprecedented mass-spread of literature throughout Europe. It had a profound impact on the development of the Renaissance, Reformation, and humanist movements. -
Juan del Encina is considered one of the founding figures of Spanish secular theater. He played a key role in the transition from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance in Spain. He is best known for his eclogues (short pastoral plays in verse), which blend pastoral, religious, and romantic themes. He was also an important composer of polyphonic music and popular lyrical poetry. -
was a German priest, theologian, author, hymnwriter, professor, and former Augustinian friar.Luther was the seminal figure of the Protestant Reformation, and his theological beliefs form the basis of Lutheranism. He is widely regarded as one of the most influential figures in Western and Christian history. -
It´s finish with the discover of America by Cristobal Colon in 1492
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It´s starts with the discover of America in 1492
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Spanish Catholic priest and chapel master, being the main representative of the Andalusian polyphonic school and one of the three greats, along with Tomás Luis de Victoria and Francisco Guerrero, of Spanish polyphonic composition of the Renaissance. His music is vocal and sacred, with only a couple of exceptions. He is probably the best Spanish composer of the entire first half of the 16th century, and his fame, which immediately spread throughout Europe, lasted for the following centuries. -
Celebrated organist, harpist, and composer of the Spanish Renaissance. Blind from an early age, he developed an exceptional musical sensibility that led him to become chamber musician to Charles V and Philip II. -
Italian Renaissance composer of sacred music and the best-known representative of the Roman School of musical composition of the 16th century. He had a lasting influence on the development of ecclesiastical and secular music in Europe, especially in the development of counterpoint, and his work is considered the culmination of Renaissance polyphony. -
was a composer of the late Renaissance. The chief representative of the mature polyphonic style in the Franco-Flemish school, Lasso stands with William Byrd, Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, and Tomás Luis de Victoria as one of the leading composers of the later Renaissance. Immensely prolific, his music varies considerably in style and genres, which gave him unprecedented popularity throughout Europe. -
was an Italian composer and organist of the late Renaissance. The uncle of the somewhat more famous Giovanni Gabrieli, he was the first internationally renowned member of the Venetian School of composers, and was extremely influential in spreading the Venetian style in Italy as well as in Germany. -
Casulana was the first woman in history to publish music under her own name, a groundbreaking achievement for her time. She mainly composed madrigals (polyphonic vocal music), and stood out in a male-dominated musical world. -
was the most famous Spanish composer of the Renaissance. was "admired above all for the intensity of some of his motets and of his Offices for the Dead and for Holy Week".His surviving oeuvre, unlike that of his colleagues, is almost exclusively sacred and polyphonic vocal music, set to Latin texts. As a Catholic priest, as well as an accomplished organist and singer, his career spanned both Spain and Italy. -
was an Italian composer and organist. He was one of the most influential musicians of his time, and represents the culmination of the style of the Venetian School, at the time of the shift from Renaissance to Baroque idioms. -
was an Italian nobleman, composer, and murderer. Though both the Prince of Venosa and Count of Conza, he is better known for writing madrigals and pieces of sacred music that use a chromatic language not heard again until the late 19th century. He is also known for killing his first wife and her aristocratic lover upon finding them in flagrante delicto. -
Monteverdi is considered a pioneer of opera and one of the most important figures in the early Baroque. He helped transform music by bringing more emotion, drama, and contrast into vocal compositions. His works mark the shift from the older polyphonic style to the newer monodic and dramatic style. -
Carissimi was a key figure in the development of the oratorio, a musical form similar to opera but usually on sacred themes. He also composed cantatas and motets, and helped shape early Baroque vocal music. He worked mainly in Rome, where he had a major influence as a teacher and composer. -
Strozzi was one of the most important female composers of the 17th century. She published eight volumes of music — mostly secular vocal works like arias and cantatas — more than any other woman of her time. She was known for her expressive and emotional style. -
Stradivari is considered the greatest violin maker in history. His instruments, known as Stradivarius violins, are prized for their exceptional sound quality and craftsmanship. They are still used and admired by top musicians today. -
Purcell is considered one of England’s greatest composers. He blended English musical traditions with Italian and French Baroque styles, creating a unique and expressive sound. He composed music for the church, the royal court, and the theater. -
Vivaldi is one of the most important composers of the Baroque era. He is best known for his violin concertos, especially his most famous work: The Four Seasons. He wrote hundreds of concertos, as well as operas and sacred music. -
lemann was one of the most prolific composers in history, writing over 3,000 works in nearly every musical genre of his time. He was highly respected by his contemporaries, including Bach and Handel, and was more famous than Bach during his lifetime. -
is considered one of the greatest composers in Western music history. He was a master of counterpoint and wrote music in many forms, including cantatas, fugues, concertos, and oratorios. His music combined deep emotion with technical perfection. -
Handel is best known for his oratorios, especially the famous Messiah, which includes the "Hallelujah" chorus. He also composed operas, concertos, and orchestral suites. He spent most of his career in England and became a key figure in British musical life.