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established a process whereby the President could grant land west of the Mississippi River to Indian tribes that agreed to give up their homelands. but they did not and were forced to move by foot -
Congress passed the Indian Removal Act, which forcibly removed thousands of American Indians from their homelands in the southeastern United States -
The American Civil War was a civil war in the United States between the Union and the Confederacy, which was formed in 1861 by states that had seceded from the Union. -
Southern Treaty Commission was created by Congress to write new treaties with the Tribes that sided with the Confederacy. An important consequence of the Reconstruction Treaties, signed in 1866, was the emancipation of 7,000 black slaves and the abolition of slavery. -
the law authorized the President to break up reservation land, which was held in common by the members of a tribe, into small allotments to be parceled out to individuals. -
The Oklahoma Land Rush of 1889 was the first land run into the Unassigned Lands of former Indian Territory, which had earlier been assigned to the Creek and Seminole peoples. -
the U.S. Congress, aimed at decreasing federal control of American Indian affairs and increasing Indian self-government and responsibility.