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Samuel Langhorne Clemens is born in Florida, Missouri, the sixth child of John Marshall and Jane Lampton Clemens.
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Samuel's father John Clemens dies, forcing the family into financial hardship.
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Twain's youngest brother Henry is killed tragically at the age of 20 in an explosion on the steamboat Pennsylvania.
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The short story "Jim Smiley and His Jumping Frog" (later "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calavaras County") appears in the New York Saturday Press. The story proves extremely popular and raises Twain's profile as a writer.
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Twain is introduced to Olivia "Livy" Langdon, the sister of a friend. He is instantly smitten.
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Mark Twain's first book, The Innocents Abroad, becomes a bestseller.
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Twain publishes the satiric novel The Gilded Age, its title giving a name to an entire era of American history.
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The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is published.
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In the span of less than a year, Twain publishes both his greatest fiction and non-fiction works: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
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Pudd'nhead Wilson, Twain's last novel, is published.
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Twain's daughter Jean is institutionalized due to severe epilepsy.
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Mark Twain dies at the age of 74 at his home in Redding, Connecticut.