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The ancient human beings believed that their illness’s and disease’s were cause by supernatural spirits. -
They had many ways of treatment but they often used the power of herbs and plants as medicine. One specific thing they did to “exorcise demons” was… trephining to remove part of the cranium. The cranium is part of the brain. -
Digitalis- Was made from the foxglove plant, into pill form. It was also taken by injection and used to help heart conditions.
Quinine- Is made from the bark of the cinchona tree, It controlled fevers, relieved muscle spasms, and prevented malaria.
Belladonna- Is made from the deadly nightshade plant. It relieves muscle spasms, and gastrointestinal (GI) pain.
Morphine- Was made from opium poppy, it is very effective for treating pain. But it is a very addictive medicine. -
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Health Records- The Egyptians were the earliest people to keep accurate health records.
Who are physicians?- In the Egyptian culture the priests acted as physicians.
How did they heal?- They learned the art of splitting fractures, and treated disorders by bloodletting with the use of leeches. -
Development of acupuncture- The ancient Chinese, were first to use primitive therapies. They were known as medical pioneers, they treated a variety of illnesses and diseases with stone tools. They advanced their skills. Today acupuncture is still pretty common. -
Illness cause nature vs. spiritual- The ancient Greeks were the first to study that illnesses maybe are naturally caused rather than spiritual caused. Which they kept records on for symptoms and etc.
Dissection- Religious customs did not allow for bodies to be dissected.
Hippocrates- Based on there knowledge of anatomy and physiology of observation of the external body. They kept careful notes and recorded symptoms, observations, etc. -
Sanitation systems- Physicians kept a separated room for the ill, to prevent spreading of diseases.
Organize Medical care- They sent medical supplies with soldiers for the war to care for them.
Hospital development- They were avid researchers and that eliminated superstition. They also developed the use of massage and herbal therapies. -
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Stopping the study of medicine, why?- When the Roman Empire was conquered by the nomads of the north, medical studies stopped. Studying of medicine was put on hold because the church believed that life and death was in God’s hands. That being said the primary treatment was prayer.
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How do they treat disease?- The primary treatment during this time was prayer, but some medicine taken was herbal mixtures and custodial care. -
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Epidemics- Caused millions of deaths during this time. The Bubonic plague killed 60 million people, other diseases were smallpox, syphilis, and tuberculosis. -
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Universities- The building of universities and medical schools began that way research and learning could begin.
Dissection- Was finally accepted for study of the body.
Books- Changed a ton because they became printed and published, to allow plenty of learning and various ways of learning. -
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He studied and worked on understanding the anatomy of the body. -
He discovered the fallopian tubes in the female body.
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Discovered the tube from the ear to the throat, also known as the Eustachian tube.
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Used the knowledge to understand physiology. He described the circulation of blood and the pumping of the heart. -
He invented the microscope, because it was figured out that there is life smaller than the eye can see.
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Apothecaries and early pharmacies, started in this time. They did trade in spices and drugs from the east.
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His discoveries were extraordinary. His discovery’s were bifocals, and found that illnesses and diseases could be passed from person to person.
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They were many discoveries in the 18th century that needed new ways of teaching. Students had to begin going to lectures, go to laboratory’s, and they had to observe patients. When patients died, their bodies were used to learn about how diseases caused the death and etc. There was also more studying of medicine in the 18th century. -
He discovered the element of oxygen. -
He discovered a certain method of vaccination for smallpox, smallpox killed many people. His discoveries helped save millions of lives.
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Invented the stethscope, the first one was made of wood. It increased the ability to hear the heart and the lungs.
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He identified the cause of childbed fever also known as puerperal fever. Many women died after giving birth because of this. Non-cleanliness is a reason this fever often happened or spread from women to women. Because physicians often have dirty hands and were not sanitary.
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Florence Nightingale was very well known and because of her standards of nursing were way higher, and nursing became a professional profession. -
He discovered that microorganisms were everywhere, through experimentation he figured out they cause diseases. -
Dimitri discovered that diseases are caused by microorganisms that cannot be seen with a microscope.
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He learned that to kill germs on wounds he could use carbolic acid. He also was first doctor to use antiseptic during surgery.
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He developed a way to keep areas for surgery sterile. This was done with asepsis.
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He created the culture plate method to identify pathogens, and the importance of cleanliness and sanitation.
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Paul found how the effects of medicine on disease causing microorganisms worked. -
He took the very first picture using the x-ray machine of his wife’s hand. This then allowed for doctors to see more about what’s going on in the inside of someone’s body.
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Anesthesia was not used, instead they used herbs and often choked patients to cause unconsciousness. Many patients died from the shock and unbearable pain. -
Found that penicillin killed deadly bacteria. This was one of the most important discoveries of the 20th century. -
Sigmund discovered the consciousness and unconsciousness of the mind. He figured out how different parts of the body worked with the mind.
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Discovered sulfonamide compounds, they were the first compound effective in killing disease’s.
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He discovered that a dead polio virus would cause immunity’s to poliomyelitis. -
He used a live polio virus vaccine, which was found to be way more effective, now we give this vaccine to babies.
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Together these two found the molecular structure DNA.
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He was the first ever to perform a successful heart transplant. -
He performed surgeries on the brain to help prevent seizures.
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Artificial organs are so important knowing that there is always someone waiting for organ transplant. Now that we have an extra scientific method, many more lives are being saved.
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Our artificial intelligence is getting better and better and over time it will become amazing. These surgeries are known to be more precise, effective, and efficient. -
Immuno therapy is a therapy that makes the body’s immune system fight the cancer rather than chemotherapy. This therapy targets the immune cells rather than the cancer cells. With fewer side effects. -
The MRI machine is crucial technology in the medical world allowing doctors to determine diagnosis, treat patients properly, and having more precise information about patients. -
Havards medical study says that humans specific airway neurons can sense when an infection is happening and it is related to the nervous system. This life changing info could help prevent infections before they even happen.