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Marbury v. Madison
When John Adams wasleaving presidency, a new judiciary act was set in place. John Marshall was responsible of mailing them but he didm't finish. Marbury did not recieve his so he took it to the Supreme Court. The court ordered a writ of mandamus and Madisonhad to deliver the commisions. In which showedthe county that you have to follow through your commitments. -
McCullouch v. Maryland
The first national bank was created, in 1819. Maryland tryed to force Baltimore to close by having all banks crated outside of the state to pay a yearly tax. McCullouch refused to pay and the bank sued him. The court agreed with him and said it was unconstitutional. -
Dred Scott v. Sandford
Dredd Scott was a slave in Missouri. he resided to Illinois, a free state. Once he returned back to Missouri, Scott decided to sue Ms. Emerson, for his freedom, to claim that he was a free man becuase his residence was in a free territory. But the Supreme Cout in favor Sanford that he had to born in a free state to be a free man. Due to opposing views, it led to the Civil War. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
In 1890, Louisiana passed a statute called the Seperate Car Act. If any passengers were to sit in the wrong compartment, they would have to deal with a fine of $25 or 20 days in jail. Homer Plessy, a male who was one-eighth black, decided to sit in the white-designated railroad car. After Plessy arrest, in court he arfued that the 13th and 14th Amendment was violated. -
Korematsu v. United States
After Pearl Harbor was bombed in December 1941, the Executive Order 9066 was passed. Fred Korematsu, a Japan American, relocated, but in which was later arrested for violating the executive order. According to the Supreme Court, they believed that you can't discriminated based upon race. -
Bown v. Board of Education (Topeka, Kansas)
Public schools in Topeka Kansas in the 1950s, were segregated by race. Linda Brown and her sister walked to school everyday and passed through dangerous railroad, to get to the bus stop, to go across town to an all black school. Linda Brown and her family believed that the segregated schools violated the 14th Amendment. Once the case had been brought to the Supreme Court, the court decided that it was not equal. This case even overruled Plessy. -
Mapp v. Ohio
During an investigation, police was suspicious that Dollree Mapp was hiding a suspect in a bombing at her home. Once the police arrived to Mapp's home, she refused to let them in becuase they did not have a warrant. After Mapp demanded to see her search warrant, the police barged into her home. Instead of finding the suspect, they found porn tape, which is legal in Ohio. So Mapp then appealed her case to the Supreme Court, and they agreed that the 14th Amendment applied to the states. -
Gideon v. Wainwright
One night, the Bay Harbor Pool Room was robbed for a bunch of quarters and beer. The next day, Gideon was found nearby with a pint of wine and change in his pocket, so the police arrested him.The court did not appoint him at his hearing, so he had to defend himself. In which he was found guilty. Gideon wrote a letter to the Supreme Court saying that the 6th Amendment was violated. They agreed and now there is a rule that you should appoints lawyers to those can't afford one. -
Miranda v. Arizona
Ernesto Miranda was charged with rape and kidnapping and interrogated for two hours. When he was being questioned the police did not inform him about the 5th Amendment as well as the 6th Amendment. After Gideon was sentences 20 to 30 years in prison, his lawyer stated in the supreme Court that his 5th and 6th Amendements were violated, The court agrred.That is why today you are not allowed to be arrested without being read the "Miranda Rights." -
Tinker v. Des Moines
There was a group of kids wearing armbands in school to protest against American involvement in the Vietnam War. But the school said they cannot wear the armbands. So the students decided to bring the case to the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court was against the school and said that the students "speech" could not be punished or stopped in or out of school. The expression was considered as the right to symbolic speech through the wearing of armbands to protest U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War. -
NJ v. T.L.O
There were two girls cauhgt smoking in the bathroom. One of the girl's purse was searched because the principla assumed that evidence would be found of her also being involved with the two other girls. Her mom took the case to the Supreme Court and believed that her daughter's 4th Amendment was violated. The court didn't agree and said that the principal had the right because of probale cause. Now schools have permission to search a student, only if they have a reason. -
Hazelwood v. Kulmeier
East High School Principle reviewed the school's student-written newspaper, before publication. The principla found two articles that concerned him, so he decided not to published them. The students sued the principal for violating their 1st Amendment. Unfortanetly, the court thought that the 1st Amendment wasn't violatd and their principla was doing the righ thing. In order for their articles to be published, the students have to be careful what they post in the newspaper. -
Texas v. Johnson
George Lee Johnson doused an American flag with kerpsosene and set it on fire. Although no one was hurt or injured, witnessess still was seriously injured. Texas thought it was wrong and sue Johnson for his action. The supreme Court said burning the flag was an symbolic speech.
