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Bolsheviks seize power, leading to the rise of communism in Russia. -
End of World War I with the signing of the armistice between Germany and the Allies. Europe was devastated physically and economically. -
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The Paris Peace Conference was a set of formal and informal diplomatic meetings in 1919 and 1920 after the end of World War I, in which the victorious Allies set the peace terms for the defeated Central Powers. -
Imposing harsh terms on Germany. Peace treaty that blamed Germany for WWI, imposed heavy reparations, and reduced its military. -
Though the U.S. doesn’t join. Aimed to maintain peace and prevent future wars through diplomacy. -
It sought to woo German workers away from socialism and communism and commit them to its antisemitic and anti-Marxist ideology. -
Granting women the right to vote -
Founded in Rome during the Third Fascist Congress on 7–10 November 1921, the National Fascist Party marked the transformation of the paramilitary Fasci Italiani di Combattimento into a more coherent political group -
The Red Army seized the eastern port of Vladivostok and the Russian Civil War came to an end. In the following years, the Red Army continued to fight to suppress numerous revolts against Bolshevik rule. -
Was an organized mass demonstration in October 1922 which resulted in Benito Mussolini's National Fascist Party (Partito Nazionale Fascista, PNF) ascending to power in the Kingdom of Italy. -
The Soviet Union quickly became a one-party state under the Communist Party. Its early years under Lenin were marked by the implementation of socialist policies and the New Economic Policy (NEP) -
The treaty was signed at Lausanne, Switzerland, on July 24, 1923, after a seven-month conference. The treaty recognized the boundaries of the modern state of Turkey. -
Hitler had relied on the paramilitary Kampfbund, but the lack of support from the police and locally stationed military units doomed the attempt. -
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Died in Gorki aged 53 after falling into a coma. The official cause of death was recorded as an incurable disease of the blood vessels. -
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The first five year plan was created in order to initiate rapid and large-scale industrialization across the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics -
Some of the causes were overinflated shares, growing bank loans, agricultural overproduction, panic selling, stocks purchased on margin, higher interest rates, and a negative media industry. -
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The Enabling Act assigned all legislative power to Hitler and his ministers, thus securing their ability to control the political apparatus. -
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Hitler's emergence as chancellor on January 30, 1933, marked a crucial turning point for Germany and, ultimately, for the world. His plan, embraced by much of the German population, was to do away with politics and make Germany a powerful, unified one-party state. -
Both inside and outside Germany, the term “Third Reich” was often used to describe the Nazi regime in Germany from January 30, 1933, to May 8, 1945. The Nazi rise to power marked the beginning of the Third Reich. -
The German public voted 90% in favour of Adolf Hitler becoming Fuhrer (Leader) of Germany, combining the powers of Chancellor and President, President Paul von Hindenburg having died in his bed earlier that month, in a referendum. -
The Spanish Civil War began on July 17, 1936, when generals Emilio Mola and Francisco Franco launched an uprising aimed at overthrowing the country's democratically elected republic. The Nationalist rebels' initial efforts to instigate military revolts throughout Spain only partially succeeded. -
Pact of Steel, Alliance between Germany and Italy. Signed by Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini on May 22, 1939, it formalized the 1936 Rome-Berlin Axis agreement, linking the two countries politically and militarily. -
Japanese occupation in most of Asia was brutal across their period of rule. Japanese troops massacred many thousands of civilians. -
Nazi Germany annexed the neighboring country of Austria (Österreich). This event is known as the Anschluss. “Anschluss” is a German word that means “connection” or “joining.” -
On March 28, 1939, the victorious Nationalists entered Madrid in triumph, and the Spanish Civil War came to an end. -
The German-Soviet Pact was an agreement signed by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union on August 23, 1939. -
German forces under the control of Adolf Hitler bombard Poland on land and from the air. World War II had begun. Germany invaded Poland to regain lost territory and ultimately rule their neighbor to the east. -
Germany's invasion of Poland in 1939 triggered declarations of war from France and the United Kingdom, formally starting World War II.