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Italian Neo Realism
This was the first era in art cinema and therefore it was incredibly influential.
Some of its main characteristics include documentary style reaslim, long takes, unobtrusive editing, unknown actors, location shooting, humanistic storylines.
It was a direct reaction to the fascist regime of world war 2, and to the white telephone films which dipicted only the rich.
Some of the interesting people where Cesar Zavatini, who was a screenwriter who brought the neo realist style across the world. -
Rashomon
Full Movie
Kurosawa was unique as his work was not connected to any regional cinema. He initially started working for the corperate companies but eventually as his abilities grew he started to subvert the converntions of traditional samuri films. These movies included many characteristics of art cinema, particularly the non narrative story line. Successful internationally, began the international film movement. -
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Regional Indian New Wave
Regional Indian New Wave was inspired by Italian Neo realism, as Ray saw bicycle theives and wanted to use that style. It was a direct reaction against the popular cinema of the time, which was a the traditional All Indian Cinema, which presented India as a united nation state and glossed over a lot of the important issues that faced their society. One main difference was an emphisis on rural issues rather than urban ones. -
La Strada
Trailer
This film is traditional of the Italian Neorealist style, except for that it also incorperates psychological realism, which director Fellini thought was really important.
It was episodic, in that the characters travelled to differnt towns.
The characters are not driven by any distinct wants or goals.
Its not action driven, its a casul road film
Location shooting. -
Pather Panchali
Part of film
The characters are not driven by any specific wants or needs throughout the entirety of the film, in other words, there is no drive to the film. As there is not a lot of action in the film, there is a lot of emotional and psychological realism. It also depicts the working class people, marganilized people.It is kind of open ended. -
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British New Wave
British New Wave was divided into two parts. The first was inspired by Italian Neo Realism, so it included elements such as depicting a side of london not normally depicted, long shots, location shooting and such, the second the French New Wave, so it had interesting editing and auteur influence. Free Cinema Manifesto: An attitude is a style, a style is an attitude. No film can be too personal. Image speaks, sound amplifies and compliments. Size is irrelevant. Perfection is not an aim. -
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French New Wave
Originated due to the Cahiers de Cinema, magazines that talked about films. Some of the main components included the importance of the director/auteur, including looking at the whole body of work, looking at forest, not trees. Important people in this group were Bazin, Truffaut and Godard, and Sarris who was an american critic who popularized the auteur theory internationally. Another characteristic was mise en scene.
Ifluenced by realism of neorealism, but more auteur. Ambiguity. -
400 Blows
Trailer
This is a traditional Truffaut french new wave film. He worked a lot with personal stories, his alter ego was Antoinne Doinelle, and basically all of his things were autobiolgraphical. Played around with editing. Eventially his work became more mainstream. Episodic adventures (real life) Psychological and emotional as it tells the trails of a young boy. Image of boy on beach. Nonjudgemental, auteur, location. -
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New German Cinema
Based on French New Wave, but auteur did not have as much of an influence. Mostly a cultural and historical reaction to both the propaganda film and the himet country culture films. Came up with Oberhisen Manifesto, which defined the art cinema as being in opposition to commercial cinema, which is simply not true, basically it was overly romanticized, relied on government for money. But, still wanted to show issues, show history. -
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Czech New Wave
This was not really influenced by the other movements, it stood on its own. Very avant guard, focus on social realism and relevance, rebelling against russian and german control. The Prague Spring 1968 was a period of very liberal government and it was therefore a time of much filmmaking. Then russia shut it down. Censorship is a big issue. But, contributed to international film culture through festivals. -
Hard Day's Night
Trailer
Director Lester was influenced by the British New Wave and by French New Wave. Demeonstrated a transition from art cinema to commercial post modern cinema, had a strong influence of pop art, because it was the Beatles. Rebellion, but fun rebellion. Youth culture, hand held, location shooting, episodic. -
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Iranian New Wave
Came from a documentary film tradition, so it was slightly influenced by the Italian neo realism. A lot of them focused on the morality of the government and on the position of women in society. However, many of them became cesored. The ones that the government pushed, espicially in fesitvals, didn't have as much conflicting content. -
Band of Outsiders
Scene
French New Wave but it was directed by Godard so it was distinctly different. Very interesting editing editing style, especially during dancing scene. Story of the three main characters, none of which have very distinct goals Auteur very obvious in dance sequence, especially when it gets quite for a whole minute.Louvre and streets of paris. Overall, very abstract filmmaking. May '68 riots cause of music. breaks all conventions. -
Fireman's Ball
Also a film of the czech new wave, but more art cinema than avant guard. The entire film was a metaphor for the government, so it was definately politically charged. There was not a very linear narrative as they were not headed towards any goal in particular.However, as it wasn't explicitly influenced by any of the flim movements, it does not have much in common with the basic italian neorealism. -
Daisies
Very avant guard film. Incredibly strange editing and sporadic editing, changing locations.Arbitrary actions, just doing what they want to when they want to. Draws attention to the film itself through stylistic choices. Politically charged as the whole thing is a metaphor. For what? That's unknown. Incredibly self reflexive, as it not only calls attention to the fact that it is a film, but it also is a commentary on the stifling of film for so long. Overall, absolutely insane. Modernist. -
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New Hollywood
Due to the sucess of art cinema, espicially due to its`sexual nature, and its decreased prduction in europe, Hollywood started appropriating its techniques. This lead to a short period of art hollywood film. The audience was much more informed about topics and techniques, cinephiles. -
The Lost Honor of Katharina Blum
Trailer
German cinema was a direct reaction to hollywood. However, the topic of the film was traditionally german, as it was a reaction to the flaws of society which was one of the tenants of the oberhisen manifesto. It discussed how media is simply able to do what ever they want simply for the sake of a story. it also is an interesting examination of the treatment of women. -
Don't Look Now
Trailer
Very much a balance between traditional Hollywood Cinema and Art Cinema. Right on the cusp if not in postmodern territory. International co-production, international in a national way.
Had a linear narrative, based well off of a novel, but many incredibly strange editing techniques, such as intercuts, and interesting color schemes. -
Matador
Trailer
This film was a spanish film by Amoldovar. It was very much a post modern film. It was not only made in that era, but it also fit many of the criteria. It was a bricolage, a combination of a psychosexual thriller, a police drama, a supernatural film. Also, it was a pastiche type tribute to the matadors of old. It maintained the high sexualization, the strange plot structure and editing. Styles but not intent of art cinema. -
The Circle
Trailer
The Circle is an iranian film. As these films started with a documentary tradition, they maintained many characteristics of italian neorealism, such as long takes, location shooting, unknown actors, non-linear narrative, stuff like that. It also address issues that are important in their society, such as the rights of women. There was also a high degree of stylization, in credit sounds and color scheme. -
Y Tu Mama Tambien
Trailer
This is also a post modern film. Curon was inspired by hollywood cinema which he eventually became a major figure in, but he also was inspried by art cinema. This film has a non linear narrative, characters without goals, location shooting, highly sexulized, interesting sound design, cutting out sound a few seconds before narration. takes out of film, interesting persepective camera movement, long takes. Yet, commercial feel -
The Grandmaster
Trailer
A very unique style of filmmaking not related to the others save for the way audience percieves it, as camp, although it is not campy in the way other films are campy. Very influenced by Hollywood narratives and star system. Complex coreography and editing, done to the last detail. A very visual style.